Project description:Recent evidence suggests an important role of the gut microbiome in early life on immune cell entraining. Using two independent transgenic (Tg) lines of Alzheimer’s disease, we have demonstrated that life-long antibiotic (ABX)-perturbation of the gut microbiome is associated with reduced amyloid beta (Ab) plaque pathology and microglial phenotypes in male mice. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from age-matched APPPS1-21 Tg mice into long-term ABX-treated male APPPS1-21 mice partially restored amyloidosis and microgliosis, thus establishing causality. in the current studies, we planned to investigate the transcriptome profiles in APPPS1-21 mice treated with short-term abx (PND14-21) compared with vehicle treated groups in genotype-, sex- and time -dependent manner. Most importantly, we also investigated if fecal microbiota transplants from age-matched Tg male mice into short-term abx (PND14-21)-treated male mice restores brain transcriptomes to that of obsreved in vehicle-treated male mice at 9 weeks of age.
Project description:We report the application of DHS-Seq and digital genomic footprinting to study chromatin changes and transcription factor-DNA binding upon long-term Hsp90 depletion utilizing the temperature-sensitive allele G170D. By generating about 86 and 85.6 million reads for wild type and mutant, we were able to reconstitute the chromatin accessibility and the transcription factor-DNA binding maps under regular conditions and under conditions where Hsp90 was long-term inactivated. We find that there is a global reduction of transcription factor binding sites with concurrent loss of open chromatin upon Hsp90 inactivation. This data was used in conjunction with our previous work involving DHS-Seq studies and short-term Hsp90 depletion (GEO GSE88875) to distinguish the affected transcription factor networks and the chromatin changes upon short- and long-term Hsp90 depletion. We identified two different modes of Hsp90 operation on transcription factor activities – short-term inactivation of Hsp90 altered transcription factor DNA binding activities, whereas long-term Hsp90 inactivation affected the steady-state levels of transcription factors. Overall, this study shows that Hsp90 regulates multiple transcription factor protein families and modulates chromatin architecture on a genome-wide scale.
Project description:Meta-proteomics analysis approach in the application of biogas production from anaerobic digestion has many advantages that has not been fully uncovered yet. This study aims to investigate biogas production from a stable 2-stage chicken manure fermentation system in chemical and biological perspective. The diversity and functional protein changes from the 1st stage to 2nd stage is a good indication to expose the differential metabolic processes in anaerobic digestion. The highlight of identified functional proteins explain the causation of accumulated ammonia and carbon sources for methane production. Due to the ammonia stress and nutrient limitation, the hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathway is adopted as indicative of meta-proteomics data involving the key methanogenic substrates (formate and acetate). Unlike traditional meta-genomic analysis, this study could provide both species names of microorganism and enzymes to directly point the generation pathway of methane and carbon dioxide in investigating biogas production of chicken manure.
Project description:Omnivorous animals, including mice and humans, tend to prefer energy-dense nutrients rich in fat over plant-based diets, especially for short periods of time. The health consequences of this short-term consumption of energy-dense nutrients remain still unclear. We found that every short-term, reiterated switches to feast diets mimicking our social eating behavior, breached the potential buffering effect of the intestinal microbiota and deeply reorganized the immunological architecture of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. The first dietary switch was sufficient to induce transient mucosal immune depression and suppress systemic, antigen-specific immunity leading to higher susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes infections. This was explained by a reduction of CD4+ T cell metabolic fitness and cytokine production due to impaired mTOR activity in response to withdrawal of microbial provision of fiber metabolites. Reintroducing dietary fiber efficiently rewired T cell metabolism and restored both mucosal and systemic CD4+ T cell functions and immunity. Finally, dietary intervention study in human volunteers confirmed the impact of short-term dietary switches on human CD4+ T cell functionality. This work reveals that short-term nutritional changes cause a drastic yet transient depression of both mucosal and systemic immunity, creating windows of opportunities for pathogenic infections.