Dataset Information

Brain Creatine Kinase as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease

ABSTRACT: The creatine-phosphocreatine cycle serves as a crucial temporary energy buffering system in the brain, regulated by brain creatine kinase (CKB). CKB, responsible for reversible phosphorylation of creatine, plays a pivotal role in maintaining ATP levels. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been linked to increased CKB oxidation and loss of its functions, although specific pathological processes and affected cell types remain unclear. In our study, cerebral cortex samples from AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and age-matched controls were analyzed using antibody-based methods to quantify CKB levels and assess alterations associated with disease processes. Two independently validated antibodies exclusively labeled astrocytes in the human cerebral cortex. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses demonstrated a loss of CKB immunoreactivity correlated with increased plaque load, severity of tau pathology, and Lewy body pathology. Combining antibody-based and mass spectrometry (MS) approaches, we explored CKB availability in AD and DLB. Transcriptomics and targeted MS revealed unaltered total CKB levels. Reduced antibody binding levels, confirmed by Western blot under denatured conditions, suggested post-translational modifications that affect antibody binding. This aligns with altered efficiency at proteolytic cleavage sites indicated in the targeted MS experiment. These findings highlight that post-translational modifications extend to astrocytes, affecting their functions. CKB and the creatine-phosphocreatine cycle play crucial roles in energy buffering, securing constant ATP availability. Reduced ATP in astrocytes can disrupt ATP-dependent processes, such as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Post-translational modifications in CKB and astrocyte dysfunction may disturb homeostasis, driving excitotoxicity in the AD brain. CKB and its activity emerge as potential biomarkers for monitoring early-stage energy deficits in AD.

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens

SUBMITTER: David Kotol

PROVIDER: PXD050060 | panorama | Wed Jul 03 00:00:00 BST 2024

REPOSITORIES: PanoramaPublic

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Publications

Characterization of reduced astrocyte creatine kinase levels in Alzheimer's disease.

Zheng Tianyu T Kotol David D Sjöberg Rebecca R Mitsios Nicholas N Uhlén Mathias M Zhong Wen W Edfors Fredrik F Mulder Jan J

Glia 20240610 9

The creatine-phosphocreatine cycle serves as a crucial temporary energy buffering system in the brain, regulated by brain creatine kinase (CKB), in maintaining Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been linked to increased CKB oxidation and loss of its regulatory function, although specific pathological processes and affected cell types remain unclear. In our study, cerebral cortex samples from individuals with AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and age-matched cont ...[more]

PMID: 38856187

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Project description:Proctor2012 - Amyloid-beta aggregation This model supports the current thinking that levels of dimers are important in initiating the aggregation process. This model is described in the article: Aggregation, impaired degradation and immunization targeting of amyloid-beta dimers in Alzheimer's disease: a stochastic modelling approach. Proctor CJ, Pienaar IS, Elson JL, Kirkwood TB Molecular Neurodegeneration. 2012; 7:32 Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disorder affecting humans, with advanced age being the most prominent risk factor for developing AD. Despite intense research efforts aimed at elucidating the precise molecular underpinnings of AD, a definitive answer is still lacking. In recent years, consensus has grown that dimerisation of the polypeptide amyloid-beta (Aß), particularly Aß₄₂, plays a crucial role in the neuropathology that characterise AD-affected post-mortem brains, including the large-scale accumulation of fibrils, also referred to as senile plaques. This has led to the realistic hope that targeting Aß₄₂ immunotherapeutically could drastically reduce plaque burden in the ageing brain, thus delaying AD onset or symptom progression. Stochastic modelling is a useful tool for increasing understanding of the processes underlying complex systems-affecting disorders such as AD, providing a rapid and inexpensive strategy for testing putative new therapies. In light of the tool's utility, we developed computer simulation models to examine Aß₄₂ turnover and its aggregation in detail and to test the effect of immunization against Aß dimers. RESULTS: Our model demonstrates for the first time that even a slight decrease in the clearance rate of Aß₄₂ monomers is sufficient to increase the chance of dimers forming, which could act as instigators of protofibril and fibril formation, resulting in increased plaque levels. As the process is slow and levels of Aβ are normally low, stochastic effects are important. Our model predicts that reducing the rate of dimerisation leads to a significant reduction in plaque levels and delays onset of plaque formation. The model was used to test the effect of an antibody mediated immunological response. Our results showed that plaque levels were reduced compared to conditions where antibodies are not present. CONCLUSION: Our model supports the current thinking that levels of dimers are important in initiating the aggregation process. Although substantial knowledge exists regarding the process, no therapeutic intervention is on offer that reliably decreases disease burden in AD patients. Computer modelling could serve as one of a number of tools to examine both the validity of reliable biomarkers and aid the discovery of successful intervention strategies. This model is hosted on BioModels Database and identified by: BIOMD0000000462 . To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models . To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information.

Dataset Information

Brain Creatine Kinase as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease

Publications

Characterization of reduced astrocyte creatine kinase levels in Alzheimer's disease.

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