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PPT1 binding proteins - The Interactome of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 (PPT1) Affects Neuronal Morphology and Function

ABSTRACT: Binding of proteins from mouse brain lysates to GFP-PPT1

INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (mouse)

TISSUE(S): Brain

SUBMITTER: Karin Hansson

LAB HEAD: Peter James

PROVIDER: PXD006429 | Pride | 2019-11-08

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	120928_IP_Palm_Sample1_B2_Slice1_01.mgf	Mgf
	120928_IP_Palm_Sample1_B2_Slice1_01.mzML.gz	Mzml
	120928_IP_Palm_Sample1_B2_Slice2_01.mgf	Mgf
	120928_IP_Palm_Sample1_B2_Slice2_01.mzML.gz	Mzml
	120928_IP_Palm_Sample1_B2_Slice5_01.mgf	Mgf

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The Interactome of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 (PPT1) Affects Neuronal Morphology and Function.

Sapir Tamar T Segal Michal M Grigoryan Gayane G Hansson Karin M KM James Peter P Segal Menahem M Reiner Orly O

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 20190313

Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) is a depalmitoylation enzyme that is mutated in cases of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). The hallmarks of the disease include progressive neurodegeneration and blindness, as well as seizures. In the current study, we identified 62 high-confident PPT1-binding proteins. These proteins included a self-interaction of PPT1, two V-type ATPases, calcium voltage-gated channels, cytoskeletal proteins and others. Pathway analysis suggested their involvement in ...[more]

PMID: 30918483

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Transcription profiling of palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 knockout mice

Project description:Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (aka infantile Batten disease) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder of early childhood characterized by cortical atrophy, blindness and seizures, leading to premature death in the first decade. The disorder is caused by deficiency in a soluble lysosomal enzyme, palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1). PPT1 knockout mice faithfully reproduce the features of the human disease, with motor deterioration, blindness, seizures, and death before 10 months of age. The progression of events leading from enzyme deficiency to organ failure is poorly defined. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are of particular interest because of the similarities between the accumulated material and lipofuscin that is associated with normal aging. We will determine changes in gene expression that occur during the course of neurodegeneration in PPT1 knockout as compared to control mice. Gene expression profiling of brain tissue from PPT1 knockout mice as compared to normal controls will provide insights into the mechanism of neurodegeneration. Comparison of this profile with gene expression profiles associated with normal aging may provide insights into the contribution of lipofuscin to aging and neurodegeneration. PPT1 knockout mice on a C57BL/6 background will be sacrificed under CO2 and whole brains removed and frozen under liquid nitrogen. Three mice will be used for each time point. Data points will be collected at 3 months, 5 months and 8 months of age. Normal age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 mice will be used as controls.

2008-06-15 | E-GEOD-6678 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 knockout mice hofma-affy-mouse-370000

2007-01-09 | GSE6678 | GEO

Identification of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 substrates defines roles for synaptic depalmitoylation

Project description:We report here the identification of substrates of the depalmitoylating enzyme PPT1 by quantitative mass spectrometry. We utilized a stringent two-step Acyl Resin-Assisted Capture (Acyl RAC) screen in which increased palmitoylation in vivo in PPT1 knockout is the first selection criteria for substrates. We validated hits by direct depalmitoylation with PPT1 to identify bona fide substrates. Most proteins identified are previously reported to be palmitoylated and the few known PPT1 substrates were validated. Significantly, the screen identified >100 proteins not previously known to be depalmitoylated by PPT1, including a wide range of endocytic, signaling, synaptic adhesion, mitochondrial, and lysosomal proteins. These proteins collectively explain the many facets of CLN1 disease caused by the loss of PPT1 function. We determined that an Ig domain in synaptic adhesion molecules may be a PPT1 recognition site for depalmitoylation. Finally, we provide evidence that PPT1 participates in neuronal activity-dependent palmitoylation-depalmitoylation cycles at the synapse.

2022-05-19 | PXD017270 | Pride

Identification of substrates of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 highlights roles of depalmitoylation in disulfide bond formation and synaptic function

Project description:Loss-of-function mutations in the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) cause Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL), a devastating neurodegenerative disease. The substrates of PPT1 are largely undescribed, posing a limitation on molecular dissection of disease mechanisms and therapeutic development. Here, we provide a resource identifying >100 novel PPT1 substrates. We utilized Acyl Resin-Assisted Capture and mass spectrometry to identify proteins with increased in vivo palmitoylation in PPT1 knockout mouse brains. We then validated putative substrates through direct depalmitoylation with recombinant PPT1. This stringent screen elucidated diverse PPT1 substrates at the synapse, including channels and transporters, G-protein-associated molecules, endo/exocytic components, synaptic adhesion molecules, and mitochondrial proteins. Cysteine depalmitoylation sites in transmembrane PPT1 substrates frequently participate in disulfide bonds in the mature protein. We confirmed that depalmitoylation plays a role in disulfide bond formation in a tertiary screen analyzing post-translational modifications. Collectively, these data highlight the role of PPT1 in mediating synapse functions, implicate molecular pathways in the etiology of NCL and other neurodegenerative diseases, and advance our basic understanding of the purpose of depalmitoylation.

2022-03-07 | PXD032052 | Pride

The Interactome of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 (PPT1) Affects Neuronal Morphology and Function.

Project description:Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) is a depalmitoylation enzyme that is mutated in cases of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). The hallmarks of the disease include progressive neurodegeneration and blindness, as well as seizures. In the current study, we identified 62 high-confident PPT1-binding proteins. These proteins included a self-interaction of PPT1, two V-type ATPases, calcium voltage-gated channels, cytoskeletal proteins and others. Pathway analysis suggested their involvement in seizures and neuronal morphology. We then proceeded to demonstrate that hippocampal neurons from Ppt1-/- mice exhibit structural deficits, and further investigated electrophysiology parameters in the hippocampi of mutant mice, both in brain slices and dissociated postnatal primary cultures. Our studies reveal new mechanistic features involved in the pathophysiology of this devastating neurodegenerative disease.

| S-EPMC6424868 | biostudies-literature

Identifying cellular pathways modulated by Drosophila palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 function.

Project description:Infantile-onset Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (INCL) is a severe pediatric neurodegenerative disorder produced by mutations in the gene encoding palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (Ppt1). This enzyme is responsible for the removal of a palmitate post-translational modification from an unknown set of substrate proteins. To better understand the function of Ppt1 in neurons, we performed an unbiased dominant loss-of-function genetic modifier screen in Drosophila using a previously characterized Ppt1 gain-of-function system. The enhancers and suppressors identified in our screen make novel connections between Ppt1 and genes involved in cellular trafficking and the modulation of synaptic growth. We further support the relevance of our screen by demonstrating that Garland cells from Ppt1 loss-of-function mutants have defects in endocytic trafficking. Endocytic tracer uptake and ultrastructural analysis of these non-neuronal cells points to Ppt1 playing a role in modulating the early stages of vesicle formation. This work lays the groundwork for further experimental exploration of these processes to better understand their contributions to the INCL disease process.

| S-EPMC2914843 | biostudies-literature

Reversible Cysteine Acylation Regulates the Activity of Human Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 (PPT1).

Project description:Mutations in the depalmitoylating enzyme gene, PPT1, cause the infantile form of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL), an early onset neurodegenerative disease. During recent years there have been different therapeutic attempts including enzyme replacement. Here we show that PPT1 is palmitoylated in vivo and is a substrate for two palmitoylating enzymes, DHHC3 and DHHC7. The palmitoylated protein is detected in both cell lysates and medium. The presence of PPT1 with palmitoylated signal peptide in the cell medium suggests that a subset of the protein is secreted by a nonconventional mechanism. Using a mutant form of PPT1, C6S, which was not palmitoylated, we further demonstrate that palmitoylation does not affect intracellular localization but rather that the unpalmitoylated form enhanced the depalmitoylation activity of the protein. The calculated Vmax of the enzyme was significantly affected by the palmitoylation, suggesting that the addition of a palmitate group is reminiscent of adding a noncompetitive inhibitor. Thus, we reveal the existence of a positive feedback loop, where palmitoylation of PPT1 results in decreased activity and subsequent elevation in the amount of palmitoylated proteins. This positive feedback loop is likely to initiate a vicious cycle, which will enhance disease progression. The understanding of this process may facilitate enzyme replacement strategies.

| S-EPMC4701722 | biostudies-literature

Palmitoyl Protein Thioesterase 1 Is Essential for Myogenic Autophagy of C2C12 Skeletal Myoblast.

Project description:Skeletal muscle differentiation is an essential process for the maintenance of muscle development and homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling molecules involved in muscle differentiation. Palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), a lysosomal enzyme, is involved in removing thioester-linked fatty acid groups from modified cysteine residues in proteins. However, the role of PPT1 in muscle differentiation remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that PPT1 plays a critical role in the differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts. The expression of PPT1 gradually increased in response to mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) during muscle differentiation, which was attenuated by treatment with antioxidants. Moreover, we revealed that PPT1 transactivation occurs through nuclear factor erythroid 2-regulated factor 2 (Nrf2) binding the antioxidant response element (ARE) in its promoter region. Knockdown of PPT1 with specific small interference RNA (siRNA) disrupted lysosomal function by increasing its pH. Subsequently, it caused excessive accumulation of autophagy flux, thereby impairing muscle fiber formation. In conclusion, we suggest that PPT1 is factor a responsible for myogenic autophagy in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts.

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Palmitoyl:protein thioesterase (PPT1) inhibitors can act as pharmacological chaperones in infantile Batten disease.

Project description:Competitive inhibitors of lysosomal hydrolases (pharmacological chaperones) have been used to treat some lysosomal storage diseases which result from mis-sense mutations and mis-folded protein but have not been tried in Batten disease, for which there is no current therapy. We synthesized a large number of novel, non-hydrolyzable competitive inhibitors of palmitoyl:protein thioesterase (PPT1) and showed that some could act as chemical chaperones. One inhibitor (CS38: betaAGDap(Pal)VKIKK) was taken up by lymphoblasts from patients with mutations leading to the T75P/R151X substitutions and enhanced PPT1 activity 2-fold. A similar 2-fold stimulation with another inhibitor (AcGDap(Palm)GG(R)(7)) was observed in patients with a G108R amino acid substitution in PPT1. Residual PPT1 activity in both was thermally unstable at pH 7.4 (but not at 4.7) consistent with a mis-folded, unstable PPT1 degraded by the ER stress response. Patients with null mutations did not respond to the pharmacological chaperones.

| S-EPMC2881699 | biostudies-literature

Molecular genetics of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase deficiency in the U.S.

Project description:Mutations in a newly described lysosomal enzyme, palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT), were recently shown to be responsible for an autosomal recessive neurological disorder prevalent in Finland, infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. The disease results in blindness, motor and cognitive deterioration, and seizures. Characteristic inclusion bodies (granular osmiophilic deposits [GROD]) are found in the brain and other tissues. The vast majority of Finnish cases are homozygous for a missense mutation (R122W) that severely affects PPT enzyme activity, and the clinical course in Finnish children is uniformly rapidly progressive and fatal. To define the clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics of subjects with PPT deficiency in a broader population, we collected blood samples from U.S. and Canadian subjects representing 32 unrelated families with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis who had GROD documented morphologically. We measured PPT activity and screened the coding region of the PPT gene for mutations. In 29 of the families, PPT deficiency was found to be responsible for the neurodegenerative disorder, and mutations were identified in 57 out of 58 PPT alleles. One nonsense mutation (R151X) accounted for 40% of the alleles and was associated with severe disease in the homozygous state. A second mutation (T75P) accounted for 13% of the alleles and was associated with a late onset and protracted clinical course. A total of 19 different mutations were found, resulting in a broader spectrum of clinical presentations than previously seen in the Finnish population. Symptoms first appeared at ages ranging from 3 mo to 9 yr, and about half of the subjects have survived into the second or even third decades of life.

| S-EPMC508894 | biostudies-other

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