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A specific Kinase-substrate Regulation Network upon κ-opioid Receptor Activation

ABSTRACT: Kappa Opioid receptors（KORs） belong to family A of G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the involvement of their ligands in analgesia and sedation has been extensively studied. KORs, which are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems are well known to exert potent anti-nociceptive effects by negatively modulating excitatory neurotransmission. The present study reveals that acute activation of KOR weaken SERT function via protein kinase B/Akt (Akt) and calcium calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) dependent signaling pathways. Therefore, studying phosphorylation will be helpful to elucidate the cellular mechanisms and downstream effector(s). Studies correlating the dysphoric effects of KOR agonists to the G-protein–independent activation of the p38 MAPK pathway suggest that identification of KOR agonists biased to G-protein–mediated signaling could lead to the development of therapeutics with reduced side effects. Therefore, to better understand the cellular mechanisms and downstream effector(s) by which KOR ligands produce these effects, we employed dimethyl labeling quantitative proteomic approach in this study. In this study, three monoclonal HEK293T cell lines with KOR over-expression were successfully constructed as our experimental models. Then, mass spectrometry-based quantitative approach, based on dimethyl labeling and TiO2 beads-coupled phosphopeptides enrichment, was utilized to analyze the KOR-mediated dynamic phosphorylation network in these three KOR-over-expressed monoclonal cell lines disturbed by LPK-26 or U50,488 treatments. Further Substrate-kinase prediction analysis of 212 up-regulated phosphosites indicated that 18 kinases, such as AKT1 and p70S6K, were involved in the up-regulation of KOR phosphorylation. The up-regulated phosphorylation of AKT1 and p70S6K were further confirmed by western blot, which was consistent with our mass spectrometry results. In summary, quantitative phosphoproteomic study of KOR-over-expressed cells upon agonist stimulation paves the way to systematical investigation of KOR-mediated phosphorylation network dynamics, which will be helpful to research about targeted therapy of KOR related diseases and mechanism study of analgesia addiction.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Cell Culture

SUBMITTER: zhu sam

LAB HEAD: Zhou Hu

PROVIDER: PXD008349 | Pride | 2022-02-23

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20170207_ZHW_WJH_C5_PHO_F01.raw	Raw
	20170207_ZHW_WJH_C5_PHO_F02.raw	Raw
	20170207_ZHW_WJH_C5_PHO_F03.raw	Raw
	20170207_ZHW_WJH_C5_PHO_F04.raw	Raw
	20170207_ZHW_WJH_C5_PHO_F05.raw	Raw

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Project description:Akt1 plays a protective role in the postnatal C57BL6 mouse testis following lactational exposure to the neonatal goitrogen, propylthiouracil (PTU). To elucidate the transcriptional profile mediating this phenotypic effect, we monitored changes in testicular gene expression at postnatal days (PNDs) 15 and 25 in Akt1+/+, Akt1+/-, and Akt1-/- testes following exposure to 0.01% PTU allowing us to determine changes in gene expression due to 1.) genotype effects; 2.) exposure effects; and 3.) genotype-by-exposure interactions. Early PTU-dependent gene changes included genes involved in lipid metabolism, spermatid differentiation, meiosis and adhesion. Early Akt1-dependent effects were associated with germ cell development, spermatid development and differentiation, and sperm motility. By PND25, the Akt1 gene-environment interaction had pronounced effects on genes associated with Sertoli cell (SC) differentiation and claudin-associated junctional formation suggesting delayed formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). To confirm these observations, biotin tracer experiments demonstrated a permeable blood-testis barrier in PTU-exposed PKB/Akt1-/- tubules as late as PND25 compared to PTU-exposed Akt1+/+ seminiferous tubules. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated altered SC morphology, aberrant SC localization, and disorganized actin bundle formation. Taken together, loss of Akt1 coupled with postnatal exposure to the neonatal goitrogen, PTU, in the testis contributes to a transcriptional profile associated with impaired integrity of the blood-testis barrier. In summary, the Akt1-/- mouse represents a potentially important model to study BTB formation and reassembly in response to male reproductive toxicants and the various signaling networks which mediate these responses. The microarray analysis employed a balanced factorial design, with one chip created for each of three mice under each experimental condition: mouse genotype (Akt1+/+, Akt1+/-, and Akt1-/-), exposure (PTU and Control), and age (sacrificed at PND15 and 25), with a total of 36 mice and 36 chips. MoGene 1.0 st v1 arrays were used for the samples from PND 15 and Mouse Genome 430 2.0 arrays were used for the samples from PND 25. One chip, PTU-exposed, Akt1-/-, PND25, was determined to not be of high quality and was not included in the analysis or provided here.

Project description:For over a millennium, mind-body interactions have fascinated scientists and doctors for their abilities to shape human perceptions of the external world 1,2. Placebo effects are striking demonstrations of mind-body interactions in which, in the absence of any treatment, a positive expectation of pain relief can reduce or even abolish the experience of pain 3–6. However, despite widespread recognition of the strength of placebo effects and their impact on everyday human experience and clinical trials for new analgesics, the neural circuit basis of the placebo effect has remained a mystery. Here, we show that analgesia from the expectation of pain relief is mediated by a distinct population of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) neurons that project to the pontine nuclei (rACC→Pn), a pair of brainstem pre-cerebellar nuclei with no established function in pain processing. To do this, we created a behavioral assay that models placebo analgesia by conditioning mice to expect pain relief when moving from a chamber with a heated floor to a second chamber. In this assay, an expectation of pain relief induces an analgesic effect that, like placebo analgesia in humans, is mediated by endogenous opioids. Calcium imaging of neural activity in freely moving mice and electrophysiological studies in cingulate cortical brain slices showed that expectations of pain relief boost the activity of rACC→Pn neurons and potentiate neurotransmission in this pathway. Transcriptomic studies of Pn neurons revealed an unusual abundance of opioid receptors in these cells, further suggesting a role in pain modulation. Selective inhibition of either the rACC→Pn pathway or of opioid-receptor-expressing Pn neurons disrupted placebo analgesia and decreased pain thresholds. Finally, a subset of cerebellar Purkinje cells exhibits activity patterns resembling those of rACC→Pn neurons during pain relief expectation, providing cellular-level evidence of a role for the cerebellum in cognitive pain modulation. Altogether, these findings elucidate longstanding mysteries surrounding the placebo effect by identifying a specific neural pathway that mediates expectation-based pain relief. This discovery opens the possibility of targeting this novel pathway with drugs or neurostimulation methods to treat pain. More broadly, our studies provide a framework for investigating the neural circuit basis of other mind-body interactions beyond those involving pain, and point to prefrontocortical-cerebellar communication as a potential basis for such effects.

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A specific Kinase-substrate Regulation Network upon κ-opioid Receptor Activation

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