Dataset Information

Comparative proteomic analyses of normal human retina, gliotic PVR retina and human Müller glia

ABSTRACT: This study has applied proteomic methodologies to compare protein expression profiles of gliotic and normal human retina as well as established human Müller stem cell lines. It is hoped that this investigation may provide insight into mechanisms of gliosis and also aid studies focusing on endogenous regeneration of the retina following disease or injury

INSTRUMENT(S): Q-Tof Premier

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Retina

DISEASE(S): Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

SUBMITTER: Karen Eastlake

LAB HEAD: G. Astrid Limb

PROVIDER: PXD008485 | Pride | 2018-09-06

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Dataset's files

Source:

			Action	DRS
	GlioticRetina_1a_-001.zip	Other
	GlioticRetina_1b_-009.zip	Other
	GlioticRetina_2a_-002.zip	Other
	GlioticRetina_2b_-010.zip	Other
	GlioticRetina_3a_-003.zip	Other

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Publications

Comparative proteomic analysis of normal and gliotic PVR retina and contribution of Müller glia to this profile.

Eastlake Karen K Heywood Wendy E WE Banerjee Phillip P Bliss Emily E Mills Kevin K Khaw Peng T PT Charteris David D Limb G Astrid GA

Experimental eye research 20180901

Müller glia are responsible for the neural retina regeneration observed in fish and amphibians throughout life. Despite the presence of these cells in the adult human retina, there is no evidence of regeneration occurring in humans following disease or injury. It may be possible that factors present in the degenerated retina could prevent human Müller glia from proliferating and neurally differentiating within the diseased retina. On this basis, investigations into the proteomic profile of these ...[more]

PMID: 30176221

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Project description:Loss of neurons in the neural retina is a leading cause of vision loss. Retinal regeneration in zebrafish is attributed to Müller glia, which are activated, adopt a stem cell-like state, proliferate, and generate new neurons. Despite the same endogenous Müller glia being present in all vertebrates including humans, Müller glia activation in mammals leads to glial scarring instead of neurogenesis. Therefore, understanding Müller glia cellular states and molecular processes during zebrafish regeneration may allow us to improve mammalian regeneration. Since only a subset of Müller glia activate following neuron loss, we asked whether a specialised subset of Müller glia might be genetically primed for activation. Single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) from integrated zebrafish Müller glia samples reveals heterogeneity of gene expression across the quiescent Müller glia pool with 4 main clusters emerging, two of which are genetically similar. Labelling for key differentially expressed markers identified that these main clusters correlated with glia spatially distributed across dorsal, central and ventral retina. Using a genetically driven, chemically induced nitroreductase approach, three distinct photoreceptor types were ablated: the long (Lws2), short wavelength-sensitive (Sws2) and rod (Xops) photoreceptors, which also differ in their abundance. As expected, histological analysis of the three injuries and sc-RNAseq data for the two cone photoreceptor ablations identified common genetic program involved in the transition of Müller glia quiescence to activation, and differential responses to injury related to either injury extent or subtype of photoreceptor targeted. Interestingly, despite differences in the distributed across the retina, biased activation of Müller glia was observed in dorsal and central regions. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these injury-responsive dorsal and central Müller glia express genes related to dorsal/ventral pattern formation, growth factor activity, and regulation of developmental process. Müller glia upregulated genes related to homeostasis as well as certain AP-1 and injury-responsive transcription factors, followed by expression of genes involved in cell cycle, chromatin remodeling, and microtubule organisation. Prior to cell cycle entry, Müller glia show a transient upregulation of genes involved in gliogenesis, and Notch signalling. These findings enhance our understanding of heterogeneous states of quiescent Müller glia, and how these differences relate to activation and regeneration potential following neural ablation. A comparison of the distinct quiescent Müller glia with glia states in mammals will reveal key molecular pathways that could be targeted for improved mammalian neural regeneration.

Project description:Previous studies have demonstrated the dynamic changes in chromatin structure during retinal development that correlate with changes in gene expression. However, a major limitation of those prior studies was the lack of cellular resolution. Here, we integrate single-cell (sc) RNA-seq and scATAC-seq with bulk retinal data sets to identify cell type–specific changes in the chromatin structure during development. Although most genes’ promoter activity is strongly correlated with chromatin accessibility, we discovered several hundred genes that were transcriptionally silent but had accessible chromatin at their promoters. Most of those silent/accessible gene promoters were in the Müller glial cells. The Müller cells are radial glia of the retina and perform a variety of essential functions to maintain retinal homeostasis and respond to stress, injury, or disease. The silent/accessible genes in Müller glia are enriched in pathways related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and other types of cell-cell signaling and were rapidly activated when we tested 15 different physiologically relevant conditions to mimic retinal stress, injury, or disease in human and murine retinae. We refer to these as “pliancy genes” because they allow the Müller glia to rapidly change their gene expression and cellular state in response to different types of retinal insults. The Müller glial cell pliancy program is established during development, and we demonstrate that pliancy genes are necessary and sufficient for regulating inflammation in the murine retina in vivo. In zebrafish, Müller glia can de-differentiate and form retinal progenitor cells that replace lost neurons. The pro-inflammatory pliancy gene cascade is not activated in zebrafish Müller glia following injury, and we propose a model in which species-specific pliancy programs underly the differential response to retinal damage in species that can regenerate retinal neurons (zebrafish) versus those that cannot (humans and mice).

Project description:Epigenetic regulation of the genome through DNA modifications, mainly methylcytosine (mC) and hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), alters DNA accessibility, genomic organization and gene expression and is thought to be altered during neurodegenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Analysis of retina epigenetic and transcriptomic signatures at the cell-type specific level is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of retinal degeneration. We have discovered that Aldh1l1 is specifically expressed in the major macroglia of the retina, the Müller glia, and, unlike the brain, is not expressed in retinal astrocytes. This allows a novel model to study paired epigenetic and transcriptomic signatures in Müller glia using Nuclear Tagging and Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (NuTRAP) for temporally controlled labeling and isolation of Müller glial DNA and RNA. As validated through a variety of approaches, the Aldh1l1cre/ERT2-NuTRAP model provides Müller glia specific translatome and epigenome profiles. Application of this approach to models of acute injury (optic nerve crush) and chronic stress (aging) uncovered common Müller glia-specific transcriptome changes in inflammatory pathways, as well as differential signatures for each stimulus. The expression of components of the IL1b signalling axis, complement system, and markers of gliosis was enhanced in Müller glia in response to optic nerve crush but not in response to aging. The expression of components of the purinergic receptor and focal adhesion signalling pathways changed uniquely in response to aging but not with optic nerve crush. The Aldh1l1cre/ERT2-NuTRAP model allows focusing molecular analyses to a single, minority cell type within the retina, providing more substantial effect sizes than whole tissue analyses. The NuTRAP model, nucleic acid isolation, and validation approaches presented here can be applied to any retina cell type for which a cell type-specific cre is available.