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Analysis of the preserved amino acid bias in peptide profiles of Iron Age teeth from a tropical environment enabling sexing of individuals using amelogen in MRM

ABSTRACT: We describe the first dental proteomic profiles of Iron Age individuals (c2000-1000 years B.P), collected from the site of Long Long Rak rock shelter (LLR) in northwest Thailand. A bias toward the preservation of small, acidic and hydrophobic amino acids is observed. It is evident that the 212 proteins identified (2 peptide, FDR <1%) comprise a palimpsest of alterations that occurred both ante-mortem and post-mortem. Conservation of particular amino acids has contributed to the identification of amelogenin peptides. A novel MRM method for sexing individuals using the amelogenin protein is described, with four teeth indicating male origin. Stable isotope analysis using carbon and oxygen isotopes highlights the strongly C3 based (~80%) diet of the Long Long Rak cemetery people, which probably comprised rice combined with protein from freshwater fish among other food items. The combination of pathway and isotopic analysis adds weight to the relatively simple C3 based diets having contributed to the enrichment of pathways associated with metabolic conditions and shows capacity for harboring these conditions prior to death. The combination of proteomics and stable isotope analysis provides a complementary strategy for assessing the demography, diet, lifestyle and possible diseases experienced by ancient populations.

INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap Velos

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Tooth Enamel

SUBMITTER: Valerie Wasinger

LAB HEAD: Valerie Wasinger

PROVIDER: PXD009418 | Pride | 2019-02-25

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Analysis of the Preserved Amino Acid Bias in Peptide Profiles of Iron Age Teeth from a Tropical Environment Enable Sexing of Individuals Using Amelogenin MRM.

Wasinger Valerie C VC Curnoe Darren D Bustamante Sonia S Mendoza Raynold R Shoocongdej Rasmi R Adler Lewis L Baker Andy A Chintakanon Kanoknart K Boel Ceridwen C Tacon Paul S C PSC

Proteomics 20190218 5

The first dental proteomic profile of Iron Age individuals (ca. 2000-1000 years B.P.), collected from the site of Long Long Rak rock shelter in northwest Thailand is described. A bias toward the preservation of the positively charged aromatic, and polar amino acids is observed. It is evident that the 212 proteins identified (2 peptide, FDR <1%) comprise a palimpsest of alterations that occurred both ante-mortem and post-mortem. Conservation of amino acids within the taphonomically resistant crys ...[more]

PMID: 30650255

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Project description:Embryologically the tooth is derived from both the ectoderm and neural crest (ectomesenchyme). It is often used as a model to study how epithelialmesenchymal interactions can control differentiation and morphogenesis. During early development organs of ectodermal origin share both a set of signalling molecules and exhibit common morphological features, subsequently proceeding along separate developmental programs. Tooth development is a continuous process that can be divided into the initiation -, bud -, cap -, and bell-stages. In mice, tooth development begins at embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5), by thickening of the dental epithelium, while mineralization of enamel and dentin in first molar starts at postnatal day 0 (P0) (5). A multistep and complex process of the gene expression are involved in the early stage of tooth development. So far expression of more than 1300 genes and/or proteins have been detected during tooth germ development by microarrays/immunocytochemistry/in situ hybridization. Studies with mutant mice have identified a number of genes that regulate tooth development and morphology. For example, deficiency of Lef-1 or P63 arrests tooth development at early stages. Deficiency of Msx1 or Pax9 results in arrest of tooth development at the bud stage , while deficiency of Runx2/Cbfa1 or Sp3 inhibits cyto-differentiation of ameloblasts and/or odontoblasts. Shh is required for normal growth and morphogenesis, but is not essential for cyto-differentiation of the ameloblast and odontoblast populations. Ameloblastin and amelogenin knock-out mice develop severe enamel hypoplasia with abnormal ameloblast differentiation. Recently, new connections between retinoid metabolism and PPAR responses have been identified. It has also been shown that endogenous retinoic acid is necessary for the initiation of odontogenesis , and that some of the genes that catalyze the oxidation of retinaldehyde into retinoic acid, exhibit distinct patterns of expression in developing murine teeth. Little is known about functions of PPAR-a as regards tooth germs or mature teeth. It is, however, likely that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism well as fatty acid metabolism is enhanced in late odontogenesis. These are metabolic activities which in other tissues are stimulated by PPAR-a agonists. For this reason it was of interest to carry out comparative gene expression profiling of the first molar tooth germs of PPAR-a knock-out mouse and of the corresponding wild-type mice. The results suggest marked differences in gene expression, parts of which may be associated with an observed hypomineralization of enamel in the mature PPAR-a knock-out murine tooth.

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