Project description:Considering global climate changes, incidences of combined drought and heat stress are likely to increase in the future and will considerably influence plant-pathogen interactions. Until now, little is known about plants exposed to simultaneously occurring abiotic and biotic stresses. To shed some light on molecular plant responses to multiple stress factors, a versatile multi-factorial test system, allowing simultaneous application of heat, drought and virus stress, was developed. Comparative analysis of single, double and triple stress responses by transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that gene expression under multi-factorial stress is not predictable from single stress treatments. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis identified heat as the major stress factor clearly separating heat-stressed from non-heat stressed plants. We identified 11 genes differentially regulated in all stress combinations as well as 23 genes specifically-regulated under triple stress. Furthermore, we showed that virus treated plants displayed enhanced expression of defense genes, which was abolished in plants additionally subjected to heat and drought stress. Triple stress also reduced expression of genes involved in the R-mediated disease response and increased the cytoplasmic protein response which was not seen under single stress conditions. These observations suggested that abiotic stress factors significantly altered TuMV-specific signaling networks which lead to a deactivation of defense responses and a higher susceptibility of plants. Collectively, our transcriptome and metabolome data provide a powerful resource to study plant responses during multi-factorial stress and allows identifying metabolic processes and functional networks involved in tripartite interactions of plants with their environment. Stress induced gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves was measured after exposure to single and combined abiotic and biotic stress. Plants were grown on soil for 21 days till virus infection. Eight days later controlled drought stress was applied. At the end of the treatments heat was applied for three days. Four biological replicates have been hybridized for each treatment. Furthermore, Arabidopsis plants were exposed to a single severe heat stress (37Â°C day/33Â°C night) to mimic the severity of the triple stress experiment.

Project description:Considering global climate changes, incidences of combined drought and heat stress are likely to increase in the future and will considerably influence plant-pathogen interactions. Until now, little is known about plants exposed to simultaneously occurring abiotic and biotic stresses. To shed some light on molecular plant responses to multiple stress factors, a versatile multi-factorial test system, allowing simultaneous application of heat, drought and virus stress, was developed. Comparative analysis of single, double and triple stress responses by transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that gene expression under multi-factorial stress is not predictable from single stress treatments. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis identified heat as the major stress factor clearly separating heat-stressed from non-heat stressed plants. We identified 11 genes differentially regulated in all stress combinations as well as 23 genes specifically-regulated under triple stress. Furthermore, we showed that virus treated plants displayed enhanced expression of defense genes, which was abolished in plants additionally subjected to heat and drought stress. Triple stress also reduced expression of genes involved in the R-mediated disease response and increased the cytoplasmic protein response which was not seen under single stress conditions. These observations suggested that abiotic stress factors significantly altered TuMV-specific signaling networks which lead to a deactivation of defense responses and a higher susceptibility of plants. Collectively, our transcriptome and metabolome data provide a powerful resource to study plant responses during multi-factorial stress and allows identifying metabolic processes and functional networks involved in tripartite interactions of plants with their environment. Stress induced gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves was measured after exposure to single and combined abiotic and biotic stress. Plants were grown on soil for 21 days till virus infection. Eight days later controlled drought stress was applied. At the end of the treatments heat was applied for three days. In parallel, a homozougus T-DNA insertion line SALK_021115C (N672283), located in the Arabidopsis gene At5g45000 has been exposed to the same stress conditions. Four biological replicates have been hybridized for each treatment.

Project description:Considering global climate changes, incidences of combined drought and heat stress are likely to increase in the future and will considerably influence plant-pathogen interactions. Until now, little is known about plants exposed to simultaneously occurring abiotic and biotic stresses. To shed some light on molecular plant responses to multiple stress factors, a versatile multi-factorial test system, allowing simultaneous application of heat, drought and virus stress, was developed. Comparative analysis of single, double and triple stress responses by transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that gene expression under multi-factorial stress is not predictable from single stress treatments. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis identified heat as the major stress factor clearly separating heat-stressed from non-heat stressed plants. We identified 11 genes differentially regulated in all stress combinations as well as 23 genes specifically-regulated under triple stress. Furthermore, we showed that virus treated plants displayed enhanced expression of defense genes, which was abolished in plants additionally subjected to heat and drought stress. Triple stress also reduced expression of genes involved in the R-mediated disease response and increased the cytoplasmic protein response which was not seen under single stress conditions. These observations suggested that abiotic stress factors significantly altered TuMV-specific signaling networks which lead to a deactivation of defense responses and a higher susceptibility of plants. Collectively, our transcriptome and metabolome data provide a powerful resource to study plant responses during multi-factorial stress and allows identifying metabolic processes and functional networks involved in tripartite interactions of plants with their environment. Stress induced gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves was measured after exposure to single and combined abiotic and biotic stress. Plants were grown on soil for 21 days till virus infection. Eight days later controlled drought stress was applied. At the end of the treatments heat was applied for three days. Four biological replicates have been hybridized for each treatment.

Project description:Arabidopsis Lon1 serves dual roles as a mitochondrial protease and chaperone. Loss of Lon1 function reduced autophagy flux at transcriptional, protein and cellular levels. Meanwhile, changes occurred in the levels of cellular subunit proteins, especially a significant upregulation of mitochondrial proteins overall in lon1 mutants. Lon1 is a key enzyme in maintaining mitochondrial protein homeostasis. In lon1 mutants, other mitochondrial proteases including mitochondrial autophagy receptor proteins showed significant increases in abundance. Mitophagy is an important mechanism for cellular quality control. lon1-2atg5-1 double mutant were constructed to investigate how they cooperatively regulate mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Transcriptome sequencing results revealed that Lon1 inactivation led to widespread unfolded protein responses (UPRs) pathway activation in lon1-2atg5-1, consistent with lon1-2, while loss function of ATG5 inactivation did not affect mitochondrial homeostasis. The double mutant also exhibited independent plant phenotypes from single parents, yet more severe seed number and embryo development issues, suggesting an additive effect of lon1-2 and atg5-1. Protein Storage Vacuole (PSV) and oil body phenotypes also showed more severe developmental damage in the double mutants. Brassinosteroid (BR) acts as a key plant hormone controlling seed and embryo development. GO and KEGG analysis of genes simultaneously downregulated in lon1-2, atg5-1, and lon1-2atg5-1 revealed significant downregulation of genes involved in BR biosynthesis and its homeostasis, indicating that this may be one of the key factors leading to abnormal seed and embryo development in the mutants. In general, the loss function of Lon1 reduces autophagy flux and induces UPRs to regulate protein homeostasis. Meanwhile, the simultaneous absence of Lon1 and autophagy significantly down-regulates the expression of genes related to BR biosynthesis and homeostasis, thereby leading to pronounced blockage in the development of double mutant seeds and embryos.

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	ME_Q_27.raw	Raw

Dataset Information

Mitochondrial small heat-shock proteins are essential for normal growth of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Mitochondrial Small Heat Shock Proteins Are Essential for Normal Growth of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.

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