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Proteogenomic pathogenesis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia

ABSTRACT: Acute myeloid leukemia is a clinically and genetically heterogenous disease characterized by bone marrow infiltration with immature leukemic blasts that cause bone marrow failure. Patient age, comorbidities and genomic disease characteristics have a profound impact on patient outcome. Here, we present an integrated Multi-Omics analysis of protein and gene expression as well as cytogenetics and mutations to capture the rewiring of intracellular protein networks that is most likely caused by genomic aberrations. Because protein networks are downstream of genomic aberrations, we hypothesized that our Multi-Omics approach may add to the current AML classification by identifying proteomic AML subtypes with specific clinical and molecular features that could identify therapeutic vulnerabilities and aid in the identification of predictive biomarkers.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Cell Culture, Myeloid Cell

DISEASE(S): Acute Myeloid Leukemia,Acute Leukemia

SUBMITTER: Ashokkumar Jayavelu

LAB HEAD: Prof.Dr.Matthias Mann

PROVIDER: PXD022894 | Pride | 2022-03-08

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20180426_QX0_AsJa_SA_Proteome_HL60_1.raw	Raw
	20180426_QX0_AsJa_SA_Proteome_HL60_2.raw	Raw
	20180426_QX0_AsJa_SA_Proteome_HL60_3.raw	Raw
	20180426_QX0_AsJa_SA_Proteome_HL60_4.raw	Raw
	20180426_QX0_AsJa_SA_Proteome_KG1_1.raw	Raw

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Project description:Transcriptional repressor Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) is a key regulator of haematopoiesis. We previously established that the germline variant GFI1-36N promotes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development, however the mechanism is not full elucidated. Here using multi-omics approach, we show GFI1-36N expression impedes DNA repair in leukemic cells. We demonstrate the presence of GFI1-36N is associated with increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations and mutational burden in murine and human AML cells. In particular, GFI1-36N modulates DNA repair pathways, O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) and homologous recombination repair (HR). Mechanistically, GFI1-36N exhibits impaired binding to Ndrg1 promoter element compared to GFI1-36S (wild type), causing decreased NDRG1 levels consequently leading to suppression of MGMT expression, imprinted at the transcriptome and proteome, thus leaving the AML cells vulnerable to DNA damaging agents. Targeting MGMT via temozolomide and HR via olaparib caused specifically extensive lethality in in vitro and ex vivo human and AML samples expressing GFI1-36N. Whereas the effects were insignificant on non-malignant GFI1-36S or GFI1-36N cells. Further, mice transplanted with GFI1-36N leukemic cells treated with combination of temozolomide and olaparib had a significantly longer AML-free survival than mice transplanted with GFI1-36S leukemic cells. In summary, we show that GFI1-36N disturbs DNA repair activity via NDRG1-MGMT axis and thus provides critical insights into novel therapeutic option for AML presented with GFI1-36N variant. Key Points Presence of GFI1-36N impedes Homologous DNA and MGMT DNA repair selectively in AML cells via the NDRG1-MGMT axis. Use of temozolomide and olaparib allows selectively targeting GFI1-36N leukemic cells. Introduction Gfi1 is a transcription factor which regulates the development of haematopoietic cells as well as neuronal and intestinal epithelial cells 1-5. We reported that a variant of GFI1, denominated GFI1-36N (characterized by an exchange of serine to asparagine at position 36), has a prevalence of 5-7% in a healthy control population but is found at an increased frequency of 10-15% among MDS and AML patients 6,7. The expression of germline variant GFI1-36N predisposes the carriers to develop de novo AML and MDS and correlates with a poor prognosis 6,7. Recently, we and other showed that malignant cells with GFI1-36N variant have increased H3K9-acetylation at target genes resulting in higher expression of genes required for cell survival and proliferation 8. GFI1 exerts its repressive role by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes (deacetylases HDAC1-3, demethylase LSD1, methyl transferase G9a) and regulates the accessibility of DNA to its target genes such as Hoxa9, Pbx1, Meis1, CSF1 and CSFR1 9-15. We also showed that GFI1 regulates apoptosis through its regulation of p53 in lymphoblastic leukemia 16 and we have demonstrated that GFI1 facilitates DNA repair 17. However, it is not known how these activities are affected in the GFI1-36N variant and whether the ability of GFI1 to regulate DNA repair pathways is maintained and how this might affect the development of myeloid malignancies. In this study, we leveraged multi-omics profiling to gain mechanistic insights into the molecular architecture that drives leukemia in the presence of GFI1-36N. We provide evidence that GFI1-36N interferes with DNA in leukemic myeloid cells, which leads to a higher frequency of genetic aberrations in MDS/AML cells. We also show that GFI1-36N myeloid leukemic cells are more sensitive to targeting MGMT and HR repair deficient cells, which opens a new selective therapeutic window to treat AML/MDS.

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Proteogenomic pathogenesis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia

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