Dataset Information

Rapid Highly-Efficient Digestion and Peptide Mapping of Adeno-Associated Viruses

ABSTRACT: [15:18] Toole, Estee Adeno-Associated Viruses (AAVs) comprise an area of rapidly growing interest due to their ability to act as a gene delivery vehicle in novel gene therapy strategies and vaccine development. Peptide mapping is a common technique in the biopharmaceutical industry to confirm the correct sequence, product purity, PTMs, and stability. However, conventional peptide mapping is time-consuming and has proven difficult to reproduce with viral capsids because of their high structural stability and the suboptimal localization of trypsin cleavage sites in the AAV protein sequences. In this study, we present an optimized workflow that provides thorough characterization within one day. This workflow is also highly reproducible due to its simplicity having very few steps, and easy to perform proteolytic digestion utilizing thermally-stable pepsin, active at 70°C in acidic conditions. The acidic conditions of the peptic digestions drive viral capsid denaturation and improve cleavage site accessibility. We characterized the efficiency and ease of digestion through peptide mapping of the AAV2 viral capsid protein. Using nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, we achieved 100% sequence coverage of the low abundance VP1 capsid protein with a digestion process taking only 10 minutes to prepare and 30 minutes to complete the digestion.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Adeno-associated Virus - 2

TISSUE(S): Organism Or Virus Or Viroid

SUBMITTER: Andrew Williamson

LAB HEAD: Estee Toole

PROVIDER: PXD025971 | Pride | 2022-02-17

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Rapid Highly-Efficient Digestion and Peptide Mapping of Adeno-Associated Viruses.

Toole Estee Naggar EN Dufresne Craig C Ray Somak S Schwann Alexander A Cook Ken K Ivanov Alexander R AR

Analytical chemistry 20210722 30

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) comprise an area of rapidly growing interest due to their ability to act as a gene delivery vehicle in novel gene therapy strategies and vaccine development. Peptide mapping is a common technique in the biopharmaceutical industry to confirm the correct sequence, product purity, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and stability. However, conventional peptide mapping is time-consuming and has proven difficult to reproduce with viral capsids because of their hig ...[more]

PMID: 34291903

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Project description:Multiple respiratory viruses including Influenza A virus (IAV) can be transmitted via expiratory aerosol particles, and many studies have established that environmental conditions can affect viral infectivity during airborne transmission. Low aerosol pH was recently identified as a major factor influencing the infectivity of aerosol-borne IAV and SARS-CoV-2, however, there is a fundamental lack of understanding as to the mechanisms leading to viral inactivation within the acidic aerosol micro-environment. Here, we identified that the early stages of the IAV infection cycle were impacted by transient exposure to acidic aerosol conditions (pH below 5.5), which was primarily attributed to loss of binding function of the viral protein haemagglutinin. Viral capsid integrity was also somewhat affected by transient acidic exposure. We then characterised the structural changes associated with loss of viral infectivity using whole-virus hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), and observed discrete regions of unfolding in the external viral protein haemagglutinin and in the internal matrix protein 1. Viral nucleoprotein structure appeared to be unaffected by exposure to acidic aerosol conditions, and no changes to viral genome integrity or to lipids within the viral envelope were detected using our whole-virus methods. Collectively, these data indicate that viral inactivation observed under indoor aerosol conditions is mediated by specific protein conformational changes, particularly to haemagglutinin. This study additionally provides a proof-of-concept that HDX-MS is a highly effective method for characterisation of internal and external proteins of whole enveloped viruses such as IAV. Overall, improved understanding of the fate of respiratory viruses within exhaled aerosols will aid the development of novel strategies and therapeutics to control the severity of seasonal and/or pandemic influenza, and constitutes a global public health priority.

Project description:Rhinovirus causes the common cold and drives exacerbation in asthma and COPD, leading to substantial morbidity and healthcare cost. The single positive strand RNA genome of this non-enveloped virus is translated into a single polyprotein that is processed by virus 3C protease to form three structural capsid proteins VP0, VP1 and VP3, and other proteins required for viral life cycle completion. Capsid proteins assemble into the 5S capsid protomer, five of which form a 14S pentamer, and 12 pentamers then assemble to form the 150S icosahedral provirion into which the viral genome is incorporated. During the final step of viral maturation, VP0 is cleaved into VP2 and VP4. VP4 is encoded at the N-terminus of the viral polyprotein, and in many Picornaviruses is N-myristoylated by host cell N-myristoyltransferase (NMT). We have explored the impact of IMP-1088 (the first sub-nanomolar IC50 dual inhibitor of human N-myristoyl transferases HsNMT1 and HsNMT2) on HRV capsid myristoylation in cells. Global identification of proteins for which myristoylation is selectively inhibited by IMP-1088 was performed by quantitative chemical proteomic analysis of YnMyr-tagged proteins in HeLa cells infected with RV16 treated with 50 nM IMP-1088 or vehicle (DMSO). Proteins were subjected to ligation to AzRB, an azide capture reagent bearing a trypsin-cleavable linker and biotin dual label followed by affinity enrichment on Neutravidin beads, on-bead digestion with trypsin, nanoLC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides, and data processing by label-free protein quantification (LFQ) in MaxQuant. 60 N-myristoylated proteins were identified, including the RV16 polyprotein which responded to IMP-1088 inhibition, with no significant change in protein abundances across the whole proteome in the presence of inhibitor. The majority of viral capsid peptides identified in the pull-down mapped to the VP0 domain of the polyprotein, and the N-terminal YnMyr-tagged peptide was readily identified by MS/MS. These data provide the first direct evidence for HRV capsid myristoylation in human cells, and demonstrate that this lipid modification is highly susceptible to inhibition by a selective NMT inhibitor.

			Action	DRS
	AAV_Pep_100min_1.raw	Raw
	AAV_Trp_1.raw	Raw
	AAV_Trp_2.raw	Raw
	AAV_Trp_3.raw	Raw
	Copy_of_Supplementary_File_2_Peptic_and_Tryptic_Peptides.xlsx	Xlsx