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Metaproteomic analysis of nine coral species with and without Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD)

ABSTRACT: Florida’s coral reefs are currently experiencing a multi-year disease-related mortality event, that has resulted in massive die-offs in multiple coral species. Approximately 21 species of coral, including both Endangered Species Act-listed and the primary reef-building species, have displayed tissue loss lesions which often result in whole colony mortality [Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD)]. Determining the causative agent(s) of coral disease relies on a multidisciplinary approach since the causation may be a combination of abiotic, microbial or viral agents. Metaproteomics was used to survey changes in the molecular landscape in the coral holobiont with the goal of providing useful information not only in diagnosis, but for prediction and prognosis. Specifically, in the case of SCTLD, defining molecular changes in the coral holobiont will help define disease progression and aid in identifying the causative agent by clearly defining traits of disease progression shared across affected species. Using samples from nine coral species (46 samples total; those appearing healthy, n = 23, and diseased, n = 23), analysis of the coral and its associated microbiome were performed using bottom-up proteomics. Ongoing analysis (including improving coral holobiont genome-based search space) will demonstrate the utility of this approach and help define improved future experiments.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion Lumos

ORGANISM(S): Pseudodiploria Clivosa Orbicella Faveolata Colpophyllia Natans Meandrina Meandrites Montastraea Cavernosa Pseudodiploria Strigosa Diploria Labyrinthiformis Orbicella Annularis Dichocoenia Stokesii

TISSUE(S): Coral Nubbin

SUBMITTER: Benjamin Neely

LAB HEAD: Benjamin A. Neely, Cheryl M. Woodley, Michael G. Janech

PROVIDER: PXD026192 | Pride | 2021-05-21

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	2020-11-25_CNAT_227.mgf	Mgf
	2020-11-25_CNAT_227.raw	Raw
	2020-11-25_CNAT_227_-_F002745.dat	Other
	2020-11-25_CNAT_253.mgf	Mgf
	2020-11-25_CNAT_253.raw	Raw

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Project description:Short title: Coral Meta-Transcriptomics Reveal Pollutant Stress Background: Corals represent symbiotic meta-organisms that require harmonization among the coral animal, photosynthetic zooxanthellae and associated microbes to survive environmental stresses. We investigated integrated-responses among coral and zooxanthellae in the scleractinian coral Acropora formosa in response to an emerging marine pollutant, the munitions constituent, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5 triazine (RDX; 5 day exposures to 0 (control), 0.5, 0.9, 1.8, 3.7, and 7.2 mg/L, measured in seawater). Results: RDX accumulated readily in coral soft tissues with bioconcentration factors ranging from 1.1 to 1.5). Next-generation sequencing of a normalized meta-transcriptomic library developed for the eukaryotic components of the A. formosa coral holobiont was leveraged to conduct microarray-based global transcript expression analysis of integrated coral / zooxanthellae responses to the RDX exposure. Total differentially expressed transcripts (DET) increased with increasing RDX exposure concentrations as did the proportion of zooxanthellae DET relative to the coral animal. Transcriptional responses in the coral demonstrated higher sensitivity to RDX compared to zooxanthellae where increased expression of gene transcripts coding xenobiotic detoxification mechanisms (ie. cytochrome P450 and UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2) were initiated at the lowest exposure concentration. Increased expression of these detoxification mechanisms was sustained at higher RDX concentrations as well as production of a physical barrier to exposure through a 40% increase in mucocyte density at the maximum RDX exposure. At and above the 1.8 mg/L exposure concentration, DET coding for genes involved in central energy metabolism, including photosynthesis, glycolysis and electron-transport functions, were decreased in zooxanthellae although preliminary data indicated that zooxanthellae densities were not affected. In contrast, significantly increased transcript expression for genes involved in cellular energy production including glycolysis and electron-transport pathways was observed in the coral animal. Conclusions: Transcriptional network analysis for central energy metabolism demonstrated highly correlated responses to RDX among the coral animal and zooxanthellae indicative of potential compensatory responses to lost photosynthetic potential within the holobiont. These observations underscore the potential for complex integrated responses to RDX exposure among species comprising the coral holobiont and highlight the need to understand holobiont-species interactions to accurately assess pollutant impacts.

Dataset Information

Metaproteomic analysis of nine coral species with and without Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD)

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