Dataset Information

Multi-omic Characterization of Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Macrophage Polarization Reveals Deregulated Metabolic Programs Driven by the GMCSF-PI3K Pathway

ABSTRACT: The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) microenvironment is composed of a variety of cell types and marked by extensive fibrosis and inflammation. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are abundant, and they are important mediators of disease progression and invasion. TAMs are polarized in situ to a tumor promoting and immunosuppressive phenotype via cytokine signaling and metabolic crosstalk from malignant epithelial cells and other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the specific distinguishing features and functions of TAMs remain poorly defined. Here, we generated tumor-educated macrophages (TEM) in vitro and performed detailed, multi-omic characterization (i.e. transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics). Our results reveal unique genetic and metabolic signatures of TEMs, the veracity of which were queried against our in-house single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of human pancreatic tumors. This analysis identified expression of novel, metabolic TEM markers in human pancreatic TAMs, including ARG1, ACLY, and TXNIP. We then utilized our TEM model system to study the role of mutant Kras signaling in cancer cells on TEM polarization. This revealed an important role for GM-CSF and lactate on TEM polarization, molecules released from cancer cells in a mutant Kras-dependent manner. Lastly, we demonstrate that GM-CSF dysregulates TEM gene expression and metabolism through PI3K-AKT pathway signaling. Collectively, our results define new markers and programs to classify pancreatic TAMs, how these are engaged by cancer cells, and the precise signaling pathways mediating polarization.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (mouse)

TISSUE(S): Macrophage

SUBMITTER: Ho-Joon Lee

LAB HEAD: Costas A. Lyssiotis

PROVIDER: PXD028632 | Pride | 2022-02-16

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Multiomic characterization of pancreatic cancer-associated macrophage polarization reveals deregulated metabolic programs driven by the GM-CSF-PI3K pathway.

Boyer Seth S Lee Ho-Joon HJ Steele Nina N Zhang Li L Sajjakulnukit Peter P Andren Anthony A Ward Matthew H MH Singh Rima R Basrur Venkatesha V Zhang Yaqing Y Nesvizhskii Alexey I AI Pasca di Magliano Marina M Halbrook Christopher J CJ Lyssiotis Costas A CA

eLife 20220214

The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma microenvironment is composed of a variety of cell types and marked by extensive fibrosis and inflammation. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant, and they are important mediators of disease progression and invasion. TAMs are polarized in situ to a tumor promoting and immunosuppressive phenotype via cytokine signaling and metabolic crosstalk from malignant epithelial cells and other components of the tumor microenvironment. However, the specific dis ...[more]

PMID: 35156921

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Project description:Background: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor and adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy via stimulation of dendritic cells/APCs. However, GM-CSF has yielded inconsistent results and its role regarding in vivo modulation of macrophages remains underexplored. We previously demonstrated that 100ng “high-dose” intratumor (IT) GM-CSF ablated tumor blood vessels and worsened tumor hypoxia after 3 weeks through tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) soluble VEGFR-1 production in PyMT murine breast cancer. Here, we investigate a role for “low-dose” IT GM-CSF on tumor oxygen and the impact on immunotherapy response, TAMs/myeloid cells, and TILs relative to “high-dose”. Methods: We performed IT injections of dose-specific GM-CSF or saline controls and then evaluated phenotypic effects after 3 weeks. We used Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oximetry to measure and image in vivo tumor oxygen in real-time, and fluorescent immunohistochemistry to assess tumor blood vessels. IT GM-CSF doses were tested in priming PyMT tumors for sensitization to PD1. We performed RNA Sequencing of TAM and CD8 TIL to observe transcriptional changes coupled with flow cytometry of peripheral blood monocytes, tumor myeloid, and TIL populations in immunology cold" PyMT tumors response to dose-optimized GM-CSF. Lastly, we assessed and compared effects of IT GM-CSF on TAM and TIL in an immunologically “hot” 4T1 breast cancer model. Results: 5ng IT GM-CSF significantly increased PyMT tumor oxygen without augmenting tumor growth and promoted tumor vessel health via increased pericyte coverage. Priming of PyMT tumors with 5ng IT GM-CSF (“low-dose”, hypoxia reduced) sensitized “cold” PyMT tumors to PD1, but this synergy was not observed with 100ng (“high-dose”, hypoxia exacerbated). Immunologically, 5ng GM-CSF did not increase monocyte mobilization or alter phenotypic marker expression on TAMs, but reduced hypoxic and inflammatory transcriptional programs in macrophages and CD8 TIL isolated from PyMT tumors. 100ng increased infiltration of myeloid cells and TAMs but these TAMs had reduced MHCII expression, suggesting support of immune-suppressive TAM under hypoxia. Some tumors exhibited increased CD8 polyfunctionality either dose suggesting mild CD8 TIL priming. On the other hand, 100ng in “hot” 4T1 tumors resulted in increased TAM MHCII and other immunostimulatory molecules with moderate increases in CD8 TIL polyfunctionality and exhausted PD1hiTIM3+ phenotype, indicating that GM-CSF may have opposing effects on macrophage modulation based on tumor immunological status.

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