Dataset Information

Characterization of RAS and SLC3A2 signaling in multiple myeloma

ABSTRACT: Oncogenic mutations within the RAS pathway are common in multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. However, the mechanisms of pathogenic RAS signaling in this disease remain enigmatic and difficult to inhibit therapeutically. We employed an unbiased proteogenomic approach to dissect RAS signaling in MM by combining genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening with quantitative mass spectrometry focused on RAS biology. We discovered that mutant isoforms of RAS organized a signaling complex with the amino acid transporter, SLC3A2, and MTOR on endolysosomes, which directly activated mTORC1 by co-opting amino acid sensing pathways. MM tumors with high expression of mTORC1-dependent genes were more aggressive and enriched in RAS mutations, and we detected interactions between RAS and MTOR in MM patient tumors harboring mutant RAS isoforms. Inhibition of RAS-dependent mTORC1 activity synergized with MEK and ERK inhibitors to quench pathogenic RAS signaling in MM cells. This study redefines the RAS pathway in MM and provides a mechanistic and rational basis to target this novel mode of RAS signaling.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion, Q Exactive HF, Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Cell Culture, Plasma Cell

DISEASE(S): Multiple Myeloma

SUBMITTER: Ryan Young

LAB HEAD: Ryan Young

PROVIDER: PXD031662 | Pride | 2022-10-14

REPOSITORIES: pride

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Oncogenic RAS commandeers amino acid sensing machinery to aberrantly activate mTORC1 in multiple myeloma.

Yang Yandan Y Bolomsky Arnold A Oellerich Thomas T Chen Ping P Ceribelli Michele M Häupl Björn B Wright George W GW Phelan James D JD Huang Da Wei DW Lord James W JW Van Winkle Callie K CK Yu Xin X Wisniewski Jan J Wang James Q JQ Tosto Frances A FA Beck Erin E Wilson Kelli K McKnight Crystal C Travers Jameson J Klumpp-Thomas Carleen C Smith Grace A GA Pittaluga Stefania S Maric Irina I Kazandjian Dickran D Thomas Craig J CJ Young Ryan M RM

Nature communications 20220917 1

Oncogenic RAS mutations are common in multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. However, the mechanisms of pathogenic RAS signaling in this disease remain enigmatic and difficult to inhibit therapeutically. We employ an unbiased proteogenomic approach to dissect RAS signaling in MM. We discover that mutant isoforms of RAS organize a signaling complex with the amino acid transporter, SLC3A2, and MTOR on endolysosomes, which directly activates mTORC1 by co-opting amino acid s ...[more]

PMID: 36115844

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Project description:The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates diverse environmental inputs, including immune signals and metabolic cues, to direct T cell fate decisions1. Activation of mTOR, comprised of mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, delivers an obligatory signal for proper activation and differentiation of effector CD4+ T cells2,3, whereas in the regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment, the Akt-mTOR axis is widely acknowledged as a crucial negative regulator of Treg de novo differentiation4-8 and population expansion9. However, whether mTOR signaling affects the homeostasis and function of Tregs remains largely unexplored. Here we show that mTORC1 signaling is a pivotal positive determinant of Treg function. Tregs have elevated steady-state mTORC1 activity compared to naïve T cells. Signals via T cell receptor (TCR) and IL-2 provide major inputs for mTORC1 activation, which in turn programs suppressive function of Tregs. Disruption of mTORC1 through Treg-specific deletion of the essential component Raptor leads to a profound loss of Treg suppressive activity in vivo and development of a fatal early-onset inflammatory disorder. Mechanistically, Raptor/mTORC1 signaling in Tregs promotes cholesterol/lipid metabolism, with the mevalonate pathway particularly important for coordinating Treg proliferation and upregulation of suppressive molecules CTLA-4 and ICOS to establish Treg functional competency. In contrast, mTORC1 does not directly impact the expression of Foxp3 or anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Tregs, suggesting a non-conventional mechanism for Treg functional regulation. Lastly, we provide evidence that mTORC1 maintains Treg function partly through inhibiting the mTORC2 pathway. Our results demonstrate that mTORC1 acts as a fundamental ‘rheostat’ in Tregs to link immunological signals from TCR and IL-2 to lipogenic pathways and functional fitness, and highlight a central role of metabolic programming of Treg suppressive activity in immune homeostasis and tolerance. We used microarrays to explore the gene expression profiles differentially expressed in regulatory T-cells from wild-type and CD4(cre) x Raptor(fl/fl) mice

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