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Growth temperature is the principal driver of chromatinization in archaea

ABSTRACT: Across the tree of life, DNA in living cells is associated with proteins that coat chromosomes, constrain their structure and influence DNA-templated processes such as transcription and replication. In bacteria and eukaryotes, HU and histones, respectively, are the principal constituents of chromatin, with few exceptions. Archaea, in contrast, have more diverse repertoires of nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs). The evolutionary and ecological drivers behind this diversity are poorly understood. Here, we combine a systematic phylogenomic survey of known and predicted NAPs with quantitative protein abundance data to shed light on the forces governing the evolution of archaeal chromatin. Our survey identifies the Diaforarchaea as a hotbed of NAP gain and loss and we validate novel candidate NAPs in two members of this clade, Thermoplasma volcanium and Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis, using sucrose gradient-based nucleoid enrichment coupled to quantitative mass spectrometry. Comparative analysis across a panel of 19 archaea revealed that investment in NAP production varies over two orders of magnitude, from <0.03% to >5% of total protein. Integrating genomic and ecological data, we demonstrate that growth temperature is an excellent predictor of relative NAP investment across archaea. Our results suggest that high levels of chromatinization have evolved as a mechanism toprevent uncontrolled helix opening and runaway denaturation – rather than, for example, to globally orchestrate gene expression – with implications for the origin of chromatin in both archaea and eukaryotes.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Candidatus Methanomethylophilus Alvus Archaea Thermoplasma Volcanium Gss1 Cuniculiplasma Divulgatum Haloferax Volcanii Methanomassiliicoccus Luminyensis

SUBMITTER: Alex Montoya

LAB HEAD: Dr Pavel Shliaha

PROVIDER: PXD034568 | Pride | 2022-10-17

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	GCA_000011185.1_ASM1118v1_protein_renamed.faa	Other
	GCA_000025685.1_ASM2568v1_protein_renamed.faa	Other
	GCA_900083515.1_ASM90008351v1_protein_renamed.faa	Other
	NCBI_M_alvus_GCA_000300255.2_ASM30025v2_protein.fasta	Fasta
	NCBI_M_luminyensis_GCA_000308215.1_ASM30821v1_genomic_prodigal.fasta	Fasta

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Growth temperature is the principal driver of chromatinization in archaea

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