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Cancer-associated fibroblasts produce matrix-bound vesicles that influence endothelial cell function (part 5: pCAF1 proteome)

ABSTRACT: Intercellular communication between different cell types in solid tumors contributes to tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. The secretome of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays major roles in these processes. Using human mammary CAFs, we unveil a mechanism of cell-cell communication between CAFs with a myofibroblast phenotype and endothelial cells (ECs) based on intercellular protein transfer through extracellular vesicles (EVs). CAFs transfer proteins to ECs, including plasma membrane receptors, which we have identified by using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Using THY1 as an example of transferred plasma membrane-bound protein, we show that CAF-derived proteins can influence how ECs interact with other cell types. Here, we show that CAFs produce high amounts of matrix-bound EVs that have a key role in protein transfer. Hence, our work paves the way for further studies to understand how CAF-derived matrix-bound EVs influence tumor pathology by regulating functions of neighboring cancer, stromal and immune cells.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Breast, Fibroblast

DISEASE(S): Breast Cancer

SUBMITTER: Sergio Lilla

LAB HEAD: Sara Rossana Zanivan

PROVIDER: PXD034573 | Pride | 2024-02-16

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20170505_SEL_HF_ALS_R23_050517_proteome_302-CAF_pH10tps_f001.raw	Raw
	20170505_SEL_HF_ALS_R23_050517_proteome_302-CAF_pH10tps_f002.raw	Raw
	20170505_SEL_HF_ALS_R23_050517_proteome_302-CAF_pH10tps_f003.raw	Raw
	20170505_SEL_HF_ALS_R23_050517_proteome_302-CAF_pH10tps_f004.raw	Raw
	20170505_SEL_HF_ALS_R23_050517_proteome_302-CAF_pH10tps_f005.raw	Raw

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Project description:Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of head and neck cancer and has a survival rate of ~50% over five years. New treatment strategies are sorely needed to improve survival rates – and a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis is needed to develop these strategies. The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has increasingly been identified as crucial in tumor progression and metastasis. One of the main constituents of the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays a key role in influencing the biological behavior of tumors. Multiple mechanisms contribute to CAF activation, such as TGFβ signaling, but the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in CAF activation in OSCC is poorly understood. Assessing the impact of oral cancer-derived EVs on CAF activation will help to better illuminate OSCC pathophysiology and may drive development of novel treatments options. Materials and Methods: EVs were isolated from OSCC cell lines (Cal 27, SCC-9, SCC-25) using differential centrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used for EV quantification and size characterization, and Western blot to confirm the presence of EV protein markers. Oral fibroblasts were co-cultured with enriched EVs, TGFβ, or PBS over 72 hours to assess activation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the difference in CAF markers. RNA collected from fibroblasts was extracted and the transcriptome was sequenced. Conditioned media from the co-cultures was evaluated with cytokine array profiling. Results: OSCC-derived EVs can activate oral fibroblasts into CAFs that are different from those activated by TGFβ, suggesting different mechanisms of activation and different functional properties. Gene set enrichment analysis using expression data from activated CAFs showed several upregulated inflammatory pathways in those CAFs exposed to OSCC-derived EVs. Marker genes for inflammatory CAF subtypes were also upregulated. This was not seen in CAFs activated by TGFβ. Finally, cytokine array analysis on secreted proteins from CAFs revealed elevated levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines from CAFs activated by EVs, for instance IL-8 and CXCL5. Conclusions: Taken together, our results reveal the ability of OSCC-derived EVs to activate fibroblasts into CAFs. These CAFs seem to have unique properties, differing from TGFβ-activated CAFs. Gaining an understanding of the interplay between EVs and stromal cells such as CAFs could lead to further insights into OSCC tumorigenesis and potential novel therapeutics.

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts produce matrix-bound vesicles that influence endothelial cell function (part 5: pCAF1 proteome)

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