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DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapies targeting cancer-specific immunogenic neoantigens have revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic therapies could synergize with immunotherapies, mediating the de-repression of endogenous retroviral element (ERV)-encoded promoters, and the initiation of transcription. Here we use RNA sequencing from cancer cells treated with DNMT and/or HDAC inhibitors, to assemble a de novo transcriptome and identified 3,023 ERV-derived, treatment-induced novel polA+ transcripts (TINPATs), encoding for 61,426 novel open reading frames. We further demonstrate, using human leukocyte antigen immunopeptidomics, the existence of treatment-induced neoepitopes (t-neoepitopes) derived from TINPATs. We demonstrated the potential of the identified t-neoepitopes to elicit an immunogenic T-cell response and cancer cell killing. The presence of t-neoepitopes was further verified in AML patient samples 48 h and /96 h after in vivo treatment with the DNMT inhibitor Decitabine. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism of ERV-derived neoantigens in epigenetic and immune therapies.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion, Q Exactive HF

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Epithelial Cell, Cell Culture

DISEASE(S): Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

SUBMITTER: Dimitris Papageorgiou

LAB HEAD: Jeroen Krijgsveld

PROVIDER: PXD035748 | Pride | 2023-09-13

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20171120_FS1_DP_SB939_1A_test.raw	Raw
	20171120_FS1_DP_SB939_A2.raw	Raw
	20171120_FS1_DP_SB939_A3.raw	Raw
	20171120_FS1_DP_SB939_A4.raw	Raw
	20171120_FS1_DP_SB939_A5.raw	Raw

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DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts

Project description:Immunotherapies targeting cancer-specific neoantigens have revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic therapies synergize with immunotherapies, mediated bythe de-repression of endogenous retroviral element (ERV)-encoded promoters, and the initiation of transcription. Here, we use deep RNA sequencing from cancer cell lines treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) and/or Histone deacetylase transferase inhibitors (HDACi), to assemble a de novo transcriptome and identified 3,023 ERV-derived, treatment-induced novel polyadenylated transcripts (TINPATs), encoding for 61,426 open reading frames. Using Immunopeptidomics, we further demonstrate the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) presentation of treatment-induced neoepitopes (t-neoepitopes) derived from TINPATs. We illustrate the potential of the identified t-neoepitopes to elicit a T-cell response and cancer cell killing. The presence of t-neoepitopes was further verified in AML patient samples 48/96 h after in vivo treatment with the DNMT inhibitor Decitabine. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism of ERV-derived neoantigens in epigenetic and immune therapies.

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Discovery of prevalent, clinically actionable tumor neoepitopes via integrated biochemical and cell-based platforms

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Pharmacologic modulation of RNA splicing enhances anti-tumor immunity.

Project description:Although mutations in DNA are the best-studied source of neoantigens that determine response to immune checkpoint blockade, alterations in RNA splicing within cancer cells could similarly result in neoepitope production. However, the endogenous antigenicity and clinical potential of such splicing-derived epitopes have not been tested. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacologic modulation of splicing via specific drug classes generates bona fide neoantigens and elicits anti-tumor immunity, augmenting checkpoint immunotherapy. Splicing modulation inhibited tumor growth and enhanced checkpoint blockade in a manner dependent on host T cells and peptides presented on tumor MHC class I. Splicing modulation induced stereotyped splicing changes across tumor types, altering the MHC I-bound immunopeptidome to yield splicing-derived neoepitopes that trigger an anti-tumor T cell response in vivo. These data definitively identify splicing modulation as an untapped source of immunogenic peptides and provide a means to enhance response to checkpoint blockade that is readily translatable to the clinic.

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DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts

Project description:DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts

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DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts [Ribo-Seq]

Project description:DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts [Ribo-Seq]

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DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts [RNA-Seq]

Project description:DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts [RNA-Seq]

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Eum2

Project description:The low immunogenicity of many cancer cells and the immunosuppression by various cancers and anti-cancer therapies have been an obstacle in the development of efficacious immunotherapies. Our goal was to test if TLR agonists and anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents synergize in rendering tumor cells more immunogenic.

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Project description:RNA Sequencing of the murine breast cancer cell line 4T1 and of the murine melanoma cell line B16-ova was carried out with the aim of establishing the complete transcriptome of these cell lines. Because these are cancer cells and we expect a lot of aberrant splicing, we carried out de novo assembly (genome guided) of the transcripts. We also ran deep Mass Spectrometry proteomics analysis on the same cell lines, aiming to determine which aberrant transcripts carry over to the protein expression level. Further, we tested these cancer specific protein epitopes (putative neoantigens) for immunogenicity using mouse models. Finally, the putative neoantigens that showed good immunogenic potential were used in tumor growth control experiments with mice engrafted with the two tumor cell lines. In these experiments we tested whether cancer vaccines based on individual neoantigen peptides (MHC-I) restricted the growth of the tumor compared to adequate controls. The overall aim of the project is to validate the ability of our multi-omics/bioinformatics pipeline to identify and deliver neoantigens that can be used to suppress tumor growth.

2024-06-30 | E-MTAB-14130 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Epigenetic therapy activates TE-chimeric transcripts to provide additional source of antigens in glioblastoma stem cells

Project description:Cancer-specific coding mutations can create neoantigens that can be presented on the cell surface of tumors to trigger immunogenic clearance1–4. However, current cancer vaccine approaches have not been universally effective5; this is especially true in tumors with a low mutational burden which, in turn, carry a low conventional neoantigen load6. Transposable elements (TEs) make up approximately 50% of the human genome and have been discovered to provide cryptic promoters, which can be reactivated with epigenetic manipulations to generate TE-gene chimeric transcripts that can be translated into noncanonical peptides7. Here, we focus on glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer with low mutation burden, to explore whether epigenetic therapy can induce TE-chimeric antigens (TEAs) to appreciably increase the antigen repertoire that can be targeted with immunotherapy. We perform comprehensive epigenetic and transcriptomic profiling of three patient-derived glioblastoma stem cell lines (GSCs) and, more importantly, astrocyte and fibroblast primary cell lines that are either proliferating or quiescent, treated with epigenetic therapy drugs to identify treatment-induced TEA (TI-TEA) candidates that are preferentially expressed in cancer cells. Although we verify TI-TEAs are indeed presented on HLA molecules in GSCs thus are promising cancer vaccine candidates, many TEs were also transcriptionally activated in proliferating primary cell lines after epigenetic therapy. This work presents a cautionary but optimistic tale for future efforts in harnessing TI-TEAs for targeted immunotherapy approaches.

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2024-01-31 | E-MTAB-13635 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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