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K6-Linked Ubiquitylation Marks Formaldehyde-Induced RNA–Protein Crosslinks for Resolution

ABSTRACT: Reactive aldehydes are produced by normal cellular metabolism or after alcohol consumption, and accumulate in human tissues if aldehyde clearance mechanisms are impaired. Their toxicity has been attributed to the damage they cause to genomic DNA and the subsequent inhibition of transcription and replication. However, whether interference with other cellular processes contributes to aldehyde toxicity has not been investigated. We demonstrate that formaldehyde induces RNA–protein crosslinks (RPCs) that stall the ribosome and inhibit translation in human cells. RPCs in the messenger RNA are recognized by the translating ribosomes, marked by atypical K6-linked ubiquitylation catalyzed by the RING-in-Between-RING E3 ligase RNF14, and subsequently resolved by the ubiquitin- and ATP-dependent unfoldase VCP. Our findings uncover an evolutionary conserved formaldehyde-induced stress response pathway that protects cells against RPC accumulation in the cytoplasm, and suggest that RPCs contribute to the cellular and tissue toxicity of reactive aldehydes.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive Plus, Orbitrap Exploris 480

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Permanent Cell Line Cell, Cell Culture

SUBMITTER: Petra Beli

LAB HEAD: Petra Beli

PROVIDER: PXD038655 | Pride | 2023-11-13

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20211021_SFB1_PBE_ASR_U2OS_SILAC_FA_PHA_Rep1_pH3.raw	Raw
	20211021_SFB1_PBE_ASR_U2OS_SILAC_FA_PHA_Rep1_pH35.raw	Raw
	20211021_SFB1_PBE_ASR_U2OS_SILAC_FA_PHA_Rep1_pH45.raw	Raw
	20211021_SFB1_PBE_ASR_U2OS_SILAC_FA_PHA_Rep1_pH6.raw	Raw
	20211021_SFB1_PBE_ASR_U2OS_SILAC_FA_PHA_Rep1_pH85.raw	Raw

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Project description:Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) and isassociated with primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD) and two inflammatory diseases. KSHV-associated cancers are primarily associated with genes expressed during latency, while other pathologies are associated with lytic gene expression. The major lytic switch of the virus, RTA, interacts with cellular machinery to co-opt the host ubiquitin proteasome system to evade the immune response as well as activate the program of lytic replication. Through SILAC labeling, ubiquitin remnant enrichment and mass spectrometry, we have analyzed the RTA dependent ubiquitin-modified proteome. We identified RTA dependent changes in the populations of polyubiquitin chains, as well as changes in ubiquitinated proteins in both cells expressing RTA and naturally infected cells following lytic reactivation. We observed an enrichment of proteins that are also reported to be SUMOylated, suggesting that RTA, a SUMO targeting ubiquitin ligase, may function to alleviate a SUMO dependent block to lytic reactivation. RTA targeted substrates directly through a ubiquitin ligase domain dependent mechanism as well as indirectly through cellular ubiquitin ligases, including RAUL. Our ubiquitome analysis revealed an RTA dependent mechanism of immune evasion. We provide evidence of inhibition of TAP dependent peptide transport, resulting in decreased HLA complex stability. The results of this analysis increase our understanding of mechanisms governing the latent to lytic transition in addition to the identification of a novel RTA dependent mechanism of immune evasion.Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) and is associated with primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD) and two inflammatory diseases. KSHV-associated cancers are primarily associated with genes expressed during latency, while other pathologies are associated with lytic gene expression. The major lytic switch of the virus, RTA, interacts with cellular machinery to co-opt the host ubiquitin proteasome system to evade the immune response as well as activate the program of lytic replication. Through SILAC labeling, ubiquitin remnant enrichment and mass spectrometry, we have analyzed the RTA dependent ubiquitin-modified proteome. We identified RTA dependent changes in the populations of polyubiquitin chains, as well as changes in ubiquitinated proteins in both cells expressing RTA and naturally infected cells following lytic reactivation. We observed an enrichment of proteins that are also reported to be SUMOylated, suggesting that RTA, a SUMO targeting ubiquitin ligase, may function to alleviate a SUMO dependent block to lytic reactivation. RTA targeted substrates directly through a ubiquitin ligase domain dependent mechanism as well as indirectly through cellular ubiquitin ligases, including RAUL. Our ubiquitome analysis revealed an RTA dependent mechanism of immune evasion. We provide evidence of inhibition of TAP dependent peptide transport, resulting in decreased HLA complex stability. The results of this analysis increase our understanding of mechanisms governing the latent to lytic transition in addition to the identification of a novel RTA dependent mechanism of immune evasion.

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K6-Linked Ubiquitylation Marks Formaldehyde-Induced RNA–Protein Crosslinks for Resolution

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