Project description:- Background and Aims: Oxygen can fall to low concentrations within plant tissues, either because of environmental factors that decrease the external oxygen concentration or because the movement of oxygen through the plant tissues cannot keep pace with the rate of oxygen consumption. Recent studies document that plants can decrease their oxygen consumption in response to relative small changes in oxygen concentrations to avoid internal anoxia. The molecular mechanisms underlying this response have not been identified yet. The aim of this study was to use transcript and metabolite profiling to investigate the genomic response of Arabidopsis roots to a mild decrease in oxygen concentrations. - Methods: Arabidopsis seedlings were grown on vertical agar plates at 21, 8, 4 and 1% (v/v) external oxygen for 0.5, 2 and 48h. Roots were analyzed for changes in transcript levels using Affymetrix whole genome DNA microarrays, and for changes in metabolite levels using routine GC-MS based metabolite profiling. Root extension rates were monitored in parallel to investigate adaptive changes in growth. - Key results: Results show that root growth was inhibited and transcript and metabolite profiles were significantly altered in response to a moderate decrease in oxygen concentrations. Low oxygen leads to a preferential up-regulation of genes that might be important to trigger adaptive responses in the plant. A small but highly specific set of genes is induced very early in response to a moderate decrease in oxygen concentrations. Genes that were down-regulated mainly encoded proteins involved in energy-consuming processes. In line with this, root extension growth was significantly decreased which will ultimately save ATP and decrease oxygen consumption. This was accompanied by a differential regulation of metabolite levels at short and long term incubation at low oxygen. - Conclusions: Results show that there are adaptive changes in root extension involving large-scale reprogramming of gene expression and metabolism when oxygen concentration is decreased in a very narrow range.

Project description:Increasing soil salinization has led to severe losses of plant yield and quality. Researching the formation of plant salt tolerance and the molecular mechanism of the salt stress response is therefore urgent. We here take advantage of recent progress in single-cell transcriptomics technology to systematically analyze plant roots response to salt stress, and 57,185 high-quality cells were totally obtained from 5-day-old lateral root tips of Gossypium arboreum under natural growth and different salt-treatment conditions. Eleven cell types with an array of novel marker genes were identified and confirmed with RNA in situ hybridization. Pseudotime analysis on epidermal and root hair cells indicated the differentiation trajectory, and differential root-type cells responding to salt stress resulted in more epidermal and less endodermal cells. Abundant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be engaged in glycometabolism, reactive oxygen species hemeostasis, and phosphatidylinositol and MAKP signal pathways through functional enrichment analyses. Some candidate DEGs related with transcription factors and plant hormones responding to salt stress were also screened, which requires further functional verification to reveal the regulatory model of the plant roots response to salt stress. Combined with bulk RNA-seq data, a common DEG (Ga08G2497) annotated as Aldo-keto reductase-1 (AKR1) was selected to perform virus-induced gene silencing verification, and the silencing of GaAKR1 gene in G. arboreum resulted in severe stress-susceptibility phenotype, shorter root length, and less number of lateral roots. Physiological and biochemical detection also demonstrated that GaAKR1-silenced plants suffered more serious oxidative damages and, indicating that GaAKR1 might participates in salt tolerance of cotton by oxidation-reduction process. For the first time, we characterized a transcriptional atlas of plant roots under salt stress at a single-cell resolution, which explored the cellular heterogeneity, differential root-type cells, and differentiation trajectory, while providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying stress tolerance in plants.

Project description:- Background and Aims: Oxygen can fall to low concentrations within plant tissues, either because of environmental factors that decrease the external oxygen concentration or because the movement of oxygen through the plant tissues cannot keep pace with the rate of oxygen consumption. Recent studies document that plants can decrease their oxygen consumption in response to relative small changes in oxygen concentrations to avoid internal anoxia. The molecular mechanisms underlying this response have not been identified yet. The aim of this study was to use transcript and metabolite profiling to investigate the genomic response of Arabidopsis roots to a mild decrease in oxygen concentrations. - Methods: Arabidopsis seedlings were grown on vertical agar plates at 21, 8, 4 and 1% (v/v) external oxygen for 0.5, 2 and 48h. Roots were analyzed for changes in transcript levels using Affymetrix whole genome DNA microarrays, and for changes in metabolite levels using routine GC-MS based metabolite profiling. Root extension rates were monitored in parallel to investigate adaptive changes in growth. - Key results: Results show that root growth was inhibited and transcript and metabolite profiles were significantly altered in response to a moderate decrease in oxygen concentrations. Low oxygen leads to a preferential up-regulation of genes that might be important to trigger adaptive responses in the plant. A small but highly specific set of genes is induced very early in response to a moderate decrease in oxygen concentrations. Genes that were down-regulated mainly encoded proteins involved in energy-consuming processes. In line with this, root extension growth was significantly decreased which will ultimately save ATP and decrease oxygen consumption. This was accompanied by a differential regulation of metabolite levels at short and long term incubation at low oxygen. - Conclusions: Results show that there are adaptive changes in root extension involving large-scale reprogramming of gene expression and metabolism when oxygen concentration is decreased in a very narrow range. Experiment Overall Design: Arabidopsis seedlings were grown on vertical agar plates and treated with various oxygen concentrations (1%, 4%, 8%, and 21% as a control), 350ppm CO2 and N2 (rest) for different time periods (0.5 hours, 2 hours and 2 days. At the end of the experiment, the roots of the seedlings were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and used for gene expression analysis.

			Action	DRS
	AZ_091120_WG_new_tryp.RAW	Raw
	AZ_091120_WG_new_tryp.mgf	Mgf
	AZ_161220_RAP2121.RAW	Raw
	AZ_161220_RAP2121.mgf	Mgf
	AZ_31220_BACTERIA.RAW	Raw

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Oxygen-sensing through ERFVII action and modulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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