Functional Classification of DDOST Variants of Uncertain Clinical Significance in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion Lumos
ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)
TISSUE(S): Brain, Breast Epithelium, Cell Culture, Early Embryonic Cell
DISEASE(S): Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation Type Ii
SUBMITTER: 
Duncan Smith
LAB HEAD: Duncan Leonard Smith
PROVIDER: PXD042959 | Pride | 2023-10-18
REPOSITORIES: Pride
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 030119_SK_SMK_05_LabelFree_e.raw | Raw | |||
| F015082.dat | Other | |||
| F015082.mzid.gz | Mzid | |||
| F015083.dat | Other | |||
| F015083.mzid.gz | Mzid |
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Project description:Glycosylation of proteins is an important post-translational modification that comprises two major stages: synthesis and attachment of glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and glycan remodeling in the ER and Golgi apparatus (GA). Genetic disorders impairing a step of this process give rise to a group of pathologies named congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). The most common CDG type is PMM2-CDG, caused by mutations on PMM2 (phosphomannomutase 2) genes. PMM2-CDG clinical presentation vary among affected individuals. CDG condition is considered a form of chronic ER stress. Inhibition of glycosylation results in the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, which induces a complex protective reaction known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which includes translational repression, transcriptional activation of ER chaperones, and ER-associated degradation of unfolded proteins. In search for CDG biomarkers, EBV-transformed CDG B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) were used as cellular models due to two main advantages: first, B-LCL are secretory cells that are forced to continuously synthetize proteins such as immunoglobulins, cytokines or other cell to cell communication molecules, so their ER is chronically stressed; second, as immune system cells, they express common genes and share common regulatory mechanisms with nervous system cells such as neurons (affected cell in most CDG patients). In this work we generated a collection of 7 EBV-transformed PMM2-CDG B-LCL by culture of patients' purified blood B lymphocytes with supernatants of the marmoset EBV-leukocyte cell line B95-8, and compared their transcriptome with that of 7 EBV-transformed healthy B-LCL. Our analysis revealed 348 significantly up-regulated and 106 down-regulated protein-coding genes compared to non-CDG cell lines, which included response to stress, transcription factors, glycosylation, motility and cell junction, development and cell (neuron) differentiation and synapse genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified biological consequences associated to gene expression changes in PMM2-CDG cells related to the unfolded protein response (UPR), RNA metabolism and the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria components. Dysregulated important genes were MAN1A1, MGAT2, CHST4, LARGE, ADAM23, SEMA4D, UNC13C, AUTS2, CA2, SMN1, EXOSC2 expressed not only in the immune system but in other tissues including the nervous system that were compatible with CDG pathophysiology. Our results confirm PMM2-CDG EBV-transformed B-LCL as a suitable cell model that expands both our knowledge and tools to study CDG pathology at the cellular level, useful for functional characteristics and potential therapeutic drugs testing.
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Project description:Human placental development is characterized by invasion of extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVCTs) into the uterine wall during the first trimester of pregnancy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) plays a major role in placental development, and activation of PPARG by its agonists results in inhibition of EVCT invasion in vitro. To identify PPARG target genes, microarray analysis was performed using GeneChip technology on EVCT primary cultures obtained from first-trimester human placentas. Gene expression was compared in EVCTs treated with the PPARG agonist rosiglitazone versus control. A total of 139 differentially regulated genes were identified, and changes in the expression of the following 8 genes were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction: a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain12 (ADAM12), connexin 43 (CX43), deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1), lysyl oxidase (LOX), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and PPARG. Among the upregulated genes, lysyl oxidase (LOX) was further analyzed. In the LOX family, only LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in rosiglitazone-treated EVCTs. RNA and protein expression of the subfamily members LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 were analyzed by absolute RT-qPCR and western blotting, and localized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence-confocal microscopy. LOX protein was immunodetected in the EVCT cytoplasm, while LOXL1 was found in the nucleus and nucleolus. No signal was detected for LOXL2 protein. Specific inhibition of LOX activity by beta-aminopropionitrile in cell invasion assays led to an increase in EVCT invasiveness. These results suggest that LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 are downstream PPARG targets and that LOX activity is a negative regulator of trophoblastic cell invasion. Microarray analysis was performed using GeneChip technology in EVCTs isolated from first trimester human placentae. Gene expression in rosiglitazone-treated primary EVCT cultures was compared with matched untreated controls. A total of 175 probe sets identified differentially regulated genes. One of these genes, lysyl oxidase (LOX) which was up-regulated, was further analyzed. Expression of the LOX family was determined by real time Q-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. LOX, LOXL and LOXL2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in PPARg-activated EVCTs. LOX and LOXL2 protein were present throughout the trophoblast cytoplasm, while LOXL was localized to the nucleus and nucleolus. Cell invasion assays on Matrigel Transwells showed that specific inhibition of LOX activity by ß-aminopropionitrile led to an increase in EVCT invasiveness, showing the basal inhibitory effect of LOX and LOX-like in the trophoblastic cells invasion process. Together these results show that LOX family as PPARg-target genes participate to the regulation of trophoblast invasion.
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