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Widespread cysteine persulfidation in activated macrophages as a protective mechanism against oxidative-inflammatory stress

ABSTRACT: A hallmark of immune-inflammatory responses is the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by innate immune cells, in particular macrophages. How macrophages cope with excess oxidant production and associated redox stress is not fully understood. Recent evidence implicates reactive sulfur species (RSS) in inflammatory responses, however, how RSS affect macrophage function and its ability to cope with oxidative-inflammatory stress remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigated endogenous pathways of RSS biogenesis and clearance in macrophages, and in particular, explored how hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and thiol persulidation influences macrophage oxidative-inflammatory response. We report that classical activation of mouse or human macrophages with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ (LPS/IFN-γ) triggers a marked production of H2S/RSS, leading to a widespread increase in protein persulfidation. Endogenous H2S/persulfidation levels were governed by the activity of the cystine importer xCT, the H2S-generating enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase and the sulfide-metabolizing enzyme sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR). High levels of H2S/persulfidation, observed upon LPS/IFN-γ stimulation or SQOR inhibition, were associated with a state of increased resistance to oxidative stress. Furthermore, enhanced persulfidation correlated with attenuated activation of the macrophage inflammasome and diminished inflammatory cell death. These findings shed light on the metabolism and effects of RSS in macrophages and point to an important role for persulfides in enabling macrophages to cope with oxidative-inflammatory stress.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive HF

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (mouse)

SUBMITTER: Tamar Ziv

LAB HEAD: Moran Benhar

PROVIDER: PXD044043 | Pride | 2024-05-21

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Widespread S-persulfidation in activated macrophages as a protective mechanism against oxidative-inflammatory stress.

Salti Talal T Braunstein Ilana I Haimovich Yael Y Ziv Tamar T Benhar Moran M

Redox biology 20240313

Acute inflammatory responses often involve the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by innate immune cells, particularly macrophages. How activated macrophages protect themselves in the face of oxidative-inflammatory stress remains a long-standing question. Recent evidence implicates reactive sulfur species (RSS) in inflammatory responses; however, how endogenous RSS affect macrophage function and response to oxidative and inflammatory insults remains poorly understood. In this stu ...[more]

PMID: 38574432

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Project description:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signaling molecule that regulates essential plant processes, such as autophagy and responses to abiotic stresses. Although there is much information about the processes in which H2S is involved, the mechanism of action of H2S is still unclear. However, the posttranslational modification of cysteine residues, named persulfidation, is the main proposed mechanism. In this study, the role of H2S during drought that allows plant stress adaptation has been analyzed, with the focus on the underlying mechanism. H2S pretreatment before imposing drought on plants significantly improved phenotypic traits and decreased the content of biochemical and molecular drought stress markers. In addition, H2S regulated amino acid metabolism and repressed drought-induced degradation pathways, such as bulk autophagy and protein ubiquitination. The label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of plants growing under control and drought stress identified 887 proteins significantly different persulfidated between both conditions. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the biological processes most enriched containing the proteins more persulfidated in drought corresponded to cellular response to oxidative stress, and hydrogen peroxide catabolism. In addition, protein degradation, abiotic stress responses, anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process, and flavonoid biosynthesis were highlighted. On the contrary, the most enriched biological process containing proteins with lower levels of persulfidation in drought corresponded to the biosynthetic processes of glucosinolates and chlorophyll. Therefore, our findings emphasize the role of H2S as a promoter of enhanced tolerance to drought, enabling plants to respond more rapidly and efficiently after exposure to drought. Furthermore, the proteomic analysis supports the main role of protein persulfidation as the molecular mechanism of H2S to alleviate ROS accumulation and balance redox homeostasis under drought stress.

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