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The type of DNA damage response after Decitabine treatment depends on the level of DNMT activity

ABSTRACT: Decitabine and Azacytidine are considered as epigenetic drugs that induce DNA-methyltransferase (DNMT)-DNA crosslinks, resulting in DNA-hypomethylation and -damage. Although they are already applied against myeloid cancers, important aspects of their mode of action remain unknown, highly limiting their clinical potential. Using a combinatorial approach, we reveal that the efficacy profile of both compounds primarily depends on the level of induced DNA-damage. Under low DNMT-activity, only Decitabine has a substantial impact. Conversely, when DNMT-activity is high, toxicity and cellular response to both compounds are dramatically increased, but do not primarily depend on DNA-hypomethylation or RNA-associated processes. By investigating proteome dynamics on chromatin, we show that Decitabine induces a strictly DNMT-dependent multifaceted DNA-damage response based on chromatin-recruitment, but not expression level changes of repair-associated proteins. The choice of DNA-repair pathway herby depends on the severity of Decitabine-induced DNA-lesions. While under moderate DNMT-activity, mismatch (MMR), base-excision (BER) and Fanconi anemia-dependent DNA-repair combined with homologous recombination are activated in response to Decitabine, high DNMT-activity and therefore immense replication stress, induce activation of MMR and BER followed by non-homologous end-joining.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Eclipse

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (mouse)

TISSUE(S): Embryo, Early Embryonic Cell

SUBMITTER: Franziska Traube

LAB HEAD: Franziska Traube

PROVIDER: PXD045353 | Pride | 2024-06-19

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20230113_mESC_DNMT-TKO_2i_2500nM-AzadC_1.raw	Raw
	20230113_mESC_DNMT-TKO_2i_2500nM-AzadC_2.raw	Raw
	20230113_mESC_DNMT-TKO_2i_2500nM-AzadC_3.raw	Raw
	20230113_mESC_DNMT-TKO_2i_ctrl_1.raw	Raw
	20230113_mESC_DNMT-TKO_2i_ctrl_2.raw	Raw

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Project description:Cross-talk between DNA methylation and histone modifications drives the establishment of composite epigenetic signatures and is traditionally studied using correlative rather than direct approaches. Here we present sequential ChIP-bisulfite-sequencing (ChIP- BS-seq) as an approach to quantitatively assess DNA methylation patterns associated with chromatin modifications or chromatin-associated factors directly. A chromatin- immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-capturing step is used to obtain a restricted representation of the genome occupied by the epigenetic feature of interest, for which a single-base resolution DNA methylation map is then generated. When applied to H3 lysine 27 tri- methylation (H3K27me3), we found that H3K27me3 and DNA methylation are compatible throughout most of the genome, except for CpG islands, where these two marks are mutually exclusive. Further ChIP-BS-seq-based analysis in Dnmt triple- knock-out (TKO) embryonic stem cells revealed that total loss of CpG methylation is associated with alteration of H3K27me3 levels throughout the genome: H3K27me3 in localized peaks is decreased while broad local enrichments (BLOCs) of H3K27me3 are formed. At an even broader scale, these BLOCs correspond to regions of high DNA methylation in wild-type ES cells, suggesting that DNA methylation prevents H3K27me3 deposition locally and at megabase scale. Our strategy provides an unique way of investigating global interdependencies between DNA methylation and other chromatin features. ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) is followed by bisulfite conversion and deep sequencing to directly assess DNA methylation levels in captured chromatin fragments (ChIP-BS-seq). We used ChIP-BS-seq to study the potential global cross-talk between H3K27me3 and DNA methylation, which are both linked to repression. First, we used capturing of methylated DNA, followed by bisulfite-deep sequencing (MethylCap-BS-seq). Genomic DNA isolated from normal and tumor colon tissues was used for MethylCap-BS-seq as well as for conventional MethylCap-seq experiments. Second, we performed ChIP-BS-seq on H3K27me3, using HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. Third, to further study the relevance of the observations, we generated genome-wide profiles for H3K27me3 and DNA methylation by conventional ChIP-seq and MethylCap-seq, and RNA-seq, respectively. Finally, we performed H3K27me3-ChIP-BS-seq and MethylCap-seq on wild-type mouse ES cells as well as Dnmt-triple-knockout (TKO) mouse ES cells.

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The type of DNA damage response after Decitabine treatment depends on the level of DNMT activity

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