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The TGF-β mimic TGM4 achieves cell specificity through combinatorial surface co-receptor binding.

ABSTRACT: The murine helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus expresses a family of modular proteins which, replicating the functional activity of the immunomodulatory cytokine TGF-β, have been named TGM (TGF-β Μimic). Multiple domains bind to different receptors, including TGF-β receptors TβRI (ALK5) and TβRII through domains 1-3, and prototypic family member TGM1 binds the cell surface co-receptor CD44 through domains 4-5. This allows TGM1 to induce T lymphocyte Foxp3 expression, characteristic of regulatory (Treg) cells, and to activate a range of TGF-β-responsive cell types. In contrast, a related protein, TGM4, targets a much more restricted cell repertoire, primarily acting on myeloid cells, with less potent effects on T cells and lacking activity on other TGF-β-responsive cell types. TGM4 binds avidly to myeloid cells by flow cytometry, and can outcompete TGM1 for cell binding. Analysis of receptor binding in comparison to TGM1 reveals a 10-fold higher affinity than TGM1 for TGFβR-I (TβRI), but a 100-fold lower affinity for TβRII through Domain 3. Consequently, TGM4 is more dependent on co-receptor binding; in addition to CD44, TGM4 also engages CD49d (Itga4) through Domains 1-3, as well as CD206 and Neuropilin-1 through Domains 4 and 5. TGM4 was found to effectively modulate macrophage populations, inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-driven inflammatory cytokine production and boosting interleukin (IL)-4-stimulated responses such as Arginase-1 in vitro and in vivo. These results reveal that the modular nature of TGMs has allowed the fine tuning of the binding affinities of the TβR- and co-receptor binding domains to establish cell specificity for TGF-β signalling in a manner that cannot be attained by the mammalian cytokine.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive HF

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (mouse)

TISSUE(S): Spleen, Fibroblast, Macrophage

DISEASE(S): Parasitic Helminthiasis Infectious Disease

SUBMITTER: Sergio Lilla

LAB HEAD: Sara Rossana

PROVIDER: PXD048278 | Pride | 2024-11-15

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20220527_SEL_HF_SA_SAS_EXT_080422_Ctrl_J774A-1_007.raw	Raw
	20220527_SEL_HF_SA_SAS_EXT_080422_Ctrl_J774A-1_008.raw	Raw
	20220527_SEL_HF_SA_SAS_EXT_080422_Ctrl_J774A-1_009.raw	Raw
	20220527_SEL_HF_SA_SAS_EXT_080422_Ctrl_MFBF11_001.raw	Raw
	20220527_SEL_HF_SA_SAS_EXT_080422_Ctrl_MFBF11_002.raw	Raw

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Project description:Nup133 belongs to the Y-complex, a key component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) scaffold. Studies on a null mutation in mice previously revealed that Nup133 is essential for embryonic development but not for mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) proliferation. Using single pore detection and average NE-fluorescence intensity, we find that Nup133 is dispensable for interphase and postmitotic NPC scaffold assembly in pluripotent mESCs. However, loss of Nup133 specifically perturbs the formation of the nuclear basket as manifested by the absence of Tpr in about half of the NPCs combined with altered dynamics of Nup153. Nup153 is a large multifunctional protein that interacts with both the Y-complex and Tpr through its N-terminal NPC-targeting domain (NTD, [aa 1-339]) (Hase and Cordes, 2003; Vasu et al., 2001). To explore the possibility that the interaction between Nup153-NTD and the Y-complex or Tpr requires Nup133, we performed pull down assays on whole protein extracts from WT and Nup133-/- mESCs using recombinant Nup153-NTD [aa 1-339] as bait. Nup153 [aa 1-245], lacking the binding domains for the Y-complex and Tpr served as control. Western blot and quantitative mass spectrometry analyses detected Nup133 only in WT samples and documented its specific enrichment, along with other tested Y-Nups and Tpr, in the Nup153-NTD [aa 1-339] bound fraction. These analyses also revealed a similar enrichment of Tpr and Y-complex proteins in Nup153-NTD [aa 1-339]-purified extracts from either WT or Nup133-/- mESCs. These data show that in the context of whole cell lysates containing NPCs as dissociated subcomplexes, the lack of Nup133 neither precludes nor appreciably affects the biochemical interaction between Nup153-NTD and the Y-complex or Tpr. This differs from the in vivo situation that revealed a measurable impact of Nup133 on Nup153 dynamics and Tpr localization in the context of assembled NPCs. This apparent discrepancy between our in vitro and in vivo data indicates that the structural integrity of the NPC is likely required to visualize the contribution of Nup133 to the binding of Nup153 to Tpr or to the Y-complex. Hase, M.E., and Cordes, V.C. (2003). Direct interaction with nup153 mediates binding of Tpr to the periphery of the nuclear pore complex. Mol Biol Cell 14, 1923-1940. Vasu, S., Shah, S., Orjalo, A., Park, M., Fischer, W.H., and Forbes, D.J. (2001). Novel vertebrate nucleoporins Nup133 and Nup160 play a role in mRNA export. J Cell Biol 155, 339-354.

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The TGF-β mimic TGM4 achieves cell specificity through combinatorial surface co-receptor binding.

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