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Lysosomal storage disease proteo/lipidomic profiling using nMOST links ferritinophagy with mitochondrial iron deficiencies in cells lacking NPC2

ABSTRACT: Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprised ~50 gene loci causing the accumulation of cellular material in the lysosome and associated defects in lysosomal function, but systematic molecular phenotyping is lacking. Here, we apply a nanoflow-based multi-omic single-shot technology (nMOST) workflow to simultaneously quantify HeLa cell proteomes and lipidomes from dozens of LSD mutants, revealing diverse molecular phenotypes. Defects in delivery of ferritin and its autophagic regulator NCOA4 to lysosomes (ferritinophagy) were pronounced in NPC2-/- cells, which correlated with increased lyso-phosphatidyl-choline species and dramatic multi-lamellar membrane structures visualized by cryo-electron tomography. Ferritinophagy defects correlated with loss of mitochondrial cristae, MICOS complex components, and electron transport chain complexes rich in iron-sulfur cluster proteins. Strikingly, these defects were rescued when iron was provided through the transferrin system. This resource reveals how loss of lysosomal function impacts organelle homeostasis in trans and highlights nMOST profiling as a discovery tool for illuminating distinct molecular phenotypes across LSDs.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion Lumos

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Epithelial Cell, Cell Culture

DISEASE(S): Niemann-pick Disease Type C2,Lysosomal Storage Disease

SUBMITTER: Felix Kraus

LAB HEAD: J. Wade Harper

PROVIDER: PXD049336 | Pride | 2024-10-08

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Global cellular proteo-lipidomic profiling of diverse lysosomal storage disease mutants using nMOST.

Kraus Felix F He Yuchen Y Swarup Sharan S Overmyer Katherine A KA Jiang Yizhi Y Brenner Johann J Capitanio Cristina C Bieber Anna A Jen Annie A Nightingale Nicole M NM Anderson Benton J BJ Lee Chan C Paulo Joao A JA Smith Ian R IR Plitzko Jürgen M JM Gygi Steven P SP Schulman Brenda A BA Wilfling Florian F Coon Joshua J JJ Harper J Wade JW

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 20241020

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise ~50 monogenic disorders marked by the buildup of cellular material in lysosomes, yet systematic global molecular phenotyping of proteins and lipids is lacking. We present a nanoflow-based multi-omic single-shot technology (nMOST) workflow that quantifies HeLa cell proteomes and lipidomes from over two dozen LSD mutants. Global cross-correlation analysis between lipids and proteins identified autophagy defects, notably the accumulation of ferritinophagy ...[more]

PMID: 38585873

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Project description:Removal of damaged organelles via the process of selective autophagy constitutes a major form of cellular quality control. Damaged organelles are recognized by a dedicated surveillance machinery, leading to the assembly of an autophagosome around the damaged organelle, prior to fusion with the degradative lysosomal compartment. Lysosomes themselves are also prone to damage and are degraded through the process of lysophagy. While early steps involve recognition of ruptured lysosomal membranes by glycan-binding Galectins and ubiquitylation of transmembrane lysosomal proteins, many steps in the process, and their inter-relationships, remain poorly understood, including the role and identity of cargo receptors required for completion of lysophagy. Here, we employ quantitative organelle capture and proximity biotinylation proteomics of autophagy adaptors, cargo receptors, and Galectins in response to acute lysosomal damage, thereby revealing the landscape of lysosomal proteome remodeling during lysophagy. Among proteins dynamically recruited to damaged lysosomes were ubiquitin-binding autophagic cargo receptors. Using newly developed lysophagic flux reporters including Lyso-Keima, we demonstrate that TAX1BP1, together with its associated kinase TBK1, are both necessary and sufficient to promote lysophagic flux in both Hela cells and induced neurons (iNeurons). While the related receptor OPTN can drive damage-dependent lysophagy when overexpressed, cells lacking either OPTN or CALCOCO2 still maintain significant lysophagic flux in HeLa cells. Mechanistically, TAX1BP1-driven lysophagy requires its N-terminal SKICH domain, which binds both TBK1 and the autophagy regulatory factor RB1CC1, and requires upstream ubiquitylation events for efficient recruitment and lysophagic flux. These results identify TAX1BP1 as a central component in the lysophagy pathway and provide a proteomic resource for future studies of the lysophagy process.

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