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HnRNP R promotes O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4G to facilitate axonal protein synthesis

ABSTRACT: Motoneurons critically depend on precise spatial and temporal control of translation for axon growth and the establishment and maintenance of neuromuscular connections. While defects in local translation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of motoneuron disorders, little is known about mechanisms regulating axonal protein synthesis. Here, we report that motoneurons derived from Hnrnpr knockout mice show reduced axon growth accompanied by lowered synthesis of cytoskeletal and synaptic components in axons. Mutant mice display denervated neuromuscular junctions and impaired motor behavior. In axons, hnRNP R is a component of translation initiation complexes and, through interaction with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (Ogt), modulates O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4G, thereby stimulating translation. Restoring axonal O-GlcNAc levels rescued local protein synthesis and axon growth defects of hnRNP R knockout motoneurons. Together, these findings demonstrate a function of hnRNP R in controlling the local production of key factors required for axon growth and formation of neuromuscular innervations.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Astral

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (mouse)

TISSUE(S): Brain

SUBMITTER: Mario Oroshi

LAB HEAD: Matthias Mann

PROVIDER: PXD052115 | Pride | 2024-08-22

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20240310_OA1_Evo12_31min_JaBa_SA_J141_33G2_DIA_5UL_sample05.raw	Raw
	20240310_OA1_Evo12_31min_JaBa_SA_J141_33G2_DIA_5UL_sample06.raw	Raw
	20240310_OA1_Evo12_31min_JaBa_SA_J141_33G2_DIA_5UL_sample07.raw	Raw
	20240310_OA1_Evo12_31min_JaBa_SA_J141_33G2_DIA_5UL_sample08.raw	Raw
	20240310_OA1_Evo12_31min_JaBa_SA_J141_33G2_DIA_5UL_sample13.raw	Raw

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hnRNP R promotes O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4G and facilitates axonal protein synthesis

Project description:Motoneurons critically depend on precise spatial and temporal control of translation for axon growth and the establishment and maintenance of neuromuscular connections. While defects in local translation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of motoneuron disorders, little is known about the mechanisms regulating axonal protein synthesis. Here, we report that motoneurons derived from Hnrnpr knockout mice show reduced axon growth accompanied by lowered synthesis of cytoskeletal and synaptic components in axons. Mutant mice display denervated neuromuscular junctions and impaired motor behavior. In axons, hnRNP R is a component of translation initiation complexes and, through interaction with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (Ogt), modulates O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4G. Restoring axonal O-GlcNAc levels rescued local protein synthesis and axon growth defects of hnRNP R knockout motoneurons. Together, these findings demonstrate a function of hnRNP R in controlling the local production of key factors required for axon growth and formation of neuromuscular innervations.

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Ptbp2 modulates axon growth in motoneurons through axonal localization and translation of Hnrnpr

Project description:The neuronal RNA-binding protein Ptbp2 regulates neuronal differentiation by modulating alternative splicing programs in the nucleus. Such programs contribute to axonogenesis by adjusting the levels of protein isoforms involved in axon growth and branching. While its functions in alternative splicing have been described in detail, cytosolic roles of Ptbp2 for axon growth have remained elusive. Here, we show that Ptbp2 is located in the cytosol and in axons of motoneurons, and that depletion of Ptbp2 affects axon growth. We identified Ptbp2 as a major interactor of the 3' UTR of Hnrnpr mRNA. Axonal localization of Hnrnpr mRNA and local synthesis of hnRNP R protein are strongly reduced when Ptbp2 is depleted, leading to defective axon growth. Ptbp2 regulates hnRNP R translation by mediating the association of Hnrnpr with ribosomes in a manner dependent on the translation factor eIF5A2. Our data thus, suggest a mechanism whereby Ptbp2 modulates axon growth by fine-tuning the mRNA transport and local synthesis of an RNA-binding protein.

2023-07-13 | PXD035196 | Pride

hnRNPR interactome in axons and soma of murine motoneurons

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hnRNP R and its main interactor, the noncoding RNA 7SK, coregulate the axonal transcriptome of motoneurons

Project description:Disturbed RNA processing and subcellular transport contribute to the pathomechanisms of motoneuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. RNA-binding proteins are involved in these processes, but the mechanisms how they regulate the subcellular diversity of transcriptomes, in particular in axons, are not understood. hnRNP R interacts with several proteins involved in motoneuron diseases. It is located in axons of developing motoneurons and its depletion causes defects in axon growth. Here, we used iCLIP to determine the RNA interactome of hnRNP R in motoneurons. We identified ~3,500 RNA targets, predominantly with functions in synaptic transmission and axon guidance. Among the RNA targets identified by iCLIP, the non-coding RNA 7SK was the top interactor of hnRNP R. We detected 7SK in the nucleus but also in the cytosol of motoneurons. In axons, 7SK localized in close proximity to hnRNP R and depletion of hnRNP R reduced axonal 7SK. Furthermore, suppression of 7SK led to defective axon growth that was accompanied by axonal transcriptome alterations similar to those caused by hnRNP R depletion. Using a series of 7SK deletion mutants we show that the function of 7SK in axon elongation depends on its interaction with hnRNP R but not with the pTEF-B complex involved in transcriptional regulation. These results propose a role of 7SK as essential interactor of hnRNP R to regulate its function in axon maintenance.

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Axonal mRNA in human embryonic stem cell derived neurons

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Loss of full-length hnRNP R isoform impairs DNA damage response in motoneurons by inhibiting Yb1 recruitment to Chromatin

Project description:Neurons critically rely on the functions of RNA-binding proteins to maintain their polarity and resistance to neurotoxic stresses. HnRNP R has a diverse range of post-transcriptional regulatory functions and is important for neuronal development by regulating axon growth. Hnrnpr pre-mRNA undergoes alternative splicing to produce transcripts encoding two protein isoforms: a full-length protein and a shorter form lacking the N-terminal acidic domain. While the neuronal defects produced by total hnRNP R depletion have been investigated before, the individual functions of each hnRNP R isoforms are unknown. We generated a Hnrnpr knockout mouse (Hnrnprtm1a/tm1a) showing selective loss of the full-length hnRNP R isoform. Motoneurons cultured from Hnrnprtm1a/tm1a mice did not show any axonal growth defects. However, they show an accumulation of double-strand breaks and an impaired DNA damage response. Proteomic analysis of the hnRNP R interactome revealed the multifunctional Y-box binding protein 1 (Yb1) as a top interactor. Yb1 depleted motoneurons also exhibit defects in DNA ´damage repair. We show that Yb1 is recruited to chromatin upon DNA damage, a mechanism that is dependent on full length hnRNP R. Our findings thus suggest a novel role of hnRNP R in maintaining genomic integrity and highlight the function of its N-terminal acidic domain in this context.

2021-11-01 | PXD022467 | Pride

Loss of full-length hnRNP R isoform impairs DNA damage response in motoneurons by inhibiting Yb1 recruitment to chromatin

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Loss of Tdp-43 disrupts the axonal transcriptome of motoneurons accompanied by impaired axonal translation and mitochondria function

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