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Identification of potent and reversible piperidine carboxamides that are species-selective orally active proteasome inhibitors to treat malaria

ABSTRACT: Malaria remains a global health threat as drug resistance threatens treatment programs. We identified a piperidine carboxamide (SW042) with anti-malarial activity by phenotypic screening. Selection of SW042-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) parasites revealed point mutations in the Pf_proteasome 5 active-site. A potent analog (SW584) showed efficacy in a mouse model of human malaria after oral dosing. SW584 had a low propensity to generate resistance (Minimum Inoculum of Resistance >109) and was synergistic with dihydroartemisinin. Pf_proteasome purification was facilitated by His8-tag introduction onto 7. Inhibition of Pf5 correlated with parasite killing, without inhibiting the human proteasome or showing cytotoxicity. The Pf_proteasome_SW584 cryo-EM structure showed SW584 bound non-covalently distal from the catalytic threonine, in an unexplored pocket at the 5/6/3 subunit interface that shows species differences between Pf and human proteasomes. Identification of a reversible, species selective, orally active series with low resistance propensity, provides a path for drugging this essential target.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q TRAP

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human) Plasmodium Falciparum (isolate 3d7)

TISSUE(S): Erythrocyte

SUBMITTER: Andrew Lemoff

LAB HEAD: Margaret A. Phillips

PROVIDER: PXD052830 | Pride | 2024-07-30

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	QTR_1032589.wiff	Wiff
	QTR_1032589.wiff.scan	Wiff
	Skyline_1032589.sky	Other
	Skyline_1032589.sky.view	Other
	Skyline_1032589.skyd	Other

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Identification of potent and reversible piperidine carboxamides that are species-selective orally active proteasome inhibitors to treat malaria

Project description:Malaria remains a global health threat as drug resistance threatens treatment programs. We identified a piperidine carboxamide (SW042) with anti-malarial activity by phenotypic screening. Selection of SW042-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) parasites revealed point mutations in the Pf_proteasome 5 active-site. A potent analog (SW584) showed efficacy in a mouse model of human malaria after oral dosing. SW584 had a low propensity to generate resistance (Minimum Inoculum of Resistance >109) and was synergistic with dihydroartemisinin. Pf_proteasome purification was facilitated by His8-tag introduction onto 7. Inhibition of Pf5 correlated with parasite killing, without inhibiting the human proteasome or showing cytotoxicity. The Pf_proteasome_SW584 cryo-EM structure showed SW584 bound non-covalently distal from the catalytic threonine, in an unexplored pocket at the 5/6/3 subunit interface that shows species differences between Pf and human proteasomes. Identification of a reversible, species selective, orally active series with low resistance propensity, provides a path for drugging this essential target.

2024-07-30 | PXD052762 | Pride

Identification of potent and reversible piperidine carboxamides that are species-selective orally active proteasome inhibitors to treat malaria

Project description:Malaria remains a global health threat as drug resistance threatens treatment programs. We identified a piperidine carboxamide (SW042) with anti-malarial activity by phenotypic screening. Selection of SW042-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) parasites revealed point mutations in the Pf_proteasome beta5 active-site. A potent analog (SW584) showed efficacy in a mouse model of human malaria after oral dosing. SW584 had a low propensity to generate resistance (Minimum Inoculum of Resistance >109) and was synergistic with dihydroartemisinin. Pf_proteasome purification was facilitated by His8-tag introduction onto beta7. Inhibition of Pfbeta5 correlated with parasite killing, without inhibiting the human proteasome or showing cytotoxicity. The Pf_proteasome_SW584 cryo-EM structure showed SW584 bound non-covalently distal from the catalytic threonine, in an unexplored pocket at the beta5/beta6/beta3 subunit interface that shows species differences between Pf and human proteasomes. Identification of a reversible, species selective, orally active series with low resistance propensity, provides a path for drugging this essential target.

2024-07-30 | PXD053252 | Pride

Transcription profiling of PfSPZ Malaria Vaccine trial subjects receiving a 3-dose regimen in a malaria endemic region

Project description:The Sanaria® PfSPZ Vaccine can confer sterilizing protection against liver stage infection by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) in malaria naïve individuals. The vaccine consists of aseptically purified irradiated Pf sporozoites. Vaccinees received 3 doses of 1.8 X 106 irradiated sporozoites. Efficacy was measured by challenged by controlled human malaria infections (CHMI), and against naturally occurring Pf Infections in Malian adults during the malaria transmission season

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Transcription profiling of PfSPZ Malaria Vaccine trial subjects in a malaria endemic region

Project description:The Sanaria® PfSPZ Vaccine can confer sterilizing protection against liver stage infection by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) in malaria naïve individuals. The vaccine consists of aseptically purified irradiated Pf sporozoites. The PfSPZ Vaccine trial in Mali was the first to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this vaccine in a malaria endemic region. Vaccinees received five doses of 2.7 X 105 irradiated sporozoites and the efficacy was measured against naturally occurring Pf Infections in Malian adults during the malaria transmission season.

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Molecular Hallmarks of Naturally Acquired Immunity to Malaria

Project description:Immunity to malaria can be acquired through natural exposure to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), but only after years of repeated infections. Typically, this immunity is acquired by adolescence and confers protection against disease, but not Pf infection per se. Efforts to understand the mechanisms of this immunity are integral to the development of a vaccine that would mimic the induction of adult immunity in children. The current study applies transcriptomic analyses to a cohort from the rural village of Kalifabougou, Mali, where Pf transmission is intense and seasonal. Signatures that correlate with protection from malaria may yield new hypotheses regarding the biological mechanisms through which malaria immunity is induced by natural Pf infection. The resulting datasets will be of considerable value in the urgent worldwide effort to develop a malaria vaccine that could prevent more than a million deaths annually. 108 samples; paired pre- and post-challenge for 54 individuals 198 samples; paired pre- and post-challenge for 99 individuals

2013-11-08 | E-GEOD-52166 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Plasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells upregulate markers of activation and co-stimulatory molecules indicative of cellular interaction with T cells in response to a febrile malaria infection in children and adults.

Project description:In naturally acquired immunity to malaria, antibodies that reliably protect are only acquired after years of repeated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infections. We have shown in Mali that this inefficiency in humoral immunity to malaria is associated with a large expansion of CD21loCD27- ‘atypical’ B cells (atBCs). The function of atBCs remains elusive, as they exhibit altered B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and when activated fail to secrete cytokines and antibodies. We set out to study the participation and function of malaria-specific atBCs during the immune response to a febrile malaria infection. Here, we show in a Mali cohort spanning infants to adults, that atBCs frequencies within the malaria and influenza-specific MBC compartment are comparable to the overall atBC frequency, showing that atBCs are not predominantly expanded within Pf-specific B cells. We performed a transcriptional analysis of Pf- and influenza-specific atBCs, actBC and MBCs and show that CXCL16, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, IL12R and IL12R are uniquely upregulated in Pf-specific atBCs. Comparative transcriptomic and flow cytometric analysis before and after an acute malaria infection showed that after malaria, Pf-specific atBCs are transcriptionally most like the actBC subset, sharing many common features, such as activation of intracellular signaling pathways and expression of high levels of T-bet, FcRL5, Ki67 and CD86. Unique to Pf-specific atBCs was an upregulation of IL-5RA, CD38, CXCR3, TLR7, 9 and 10 after a febrile malaria episode. Our data shows that atBCs exhibit a surface marker profile that could facilitate cellular interaction with T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues.

2022-06-01 | GSE183744 | GEO

Molecular Hallmarks of Naturally Acquired Immunity to Malaria

2013-11-08 | GSE52166 | GEO

Mixed Alkyl/Aryl Phosphonates Identify Metabolic Serine Hydrolases as Antimalarial Targets

Project description:Malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains a significant health burden. The barrier for developing anti-malarial drugs is the ability of the parasite to rapidly generate resistance. We previously demonstrated that Salinipostin A (SalA), a natural product, potently kills parasites by inhibiting multiple lipid metabolizing serine hydrolases, a mechanism with a low propensity for resistance. Given the difficulty of employing natural products as therapeutic agents, we synthesized a small library of lipidic mixed alkyl/aryl phosphonates as bioisosteres of SalA. Two constitutional isomers exhibited divergent anti-parasitic potencies which enabled the identification of therapeutically relevant targets. We also confirm that this compound kills parasites through a mechanism that is distinct from both SalA and the pan-lipase inhibitor, Orlistat. In addition, like SalA, our compound induces only weak resistance, attributable to mutations in a single protein involved in multidrug resistance. These data suggest that mixed alkyl/aryl phosphonates are a promising, synthetically tractable anti-malarials with a low-propensity to induce resistance.

2024-07-15 | PXD051499 | Pride

Transcription profiling of PfSPZ Vaccine trial subjects (US, malaria naïve) receiving a 3-dose or 5-dose regimen

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single-cell RNA-sequencing on human naïve and memory CD4+ T cells during Plasmodium falciparum infection

Project description:Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria causes high rates of morbidity and mortality and lacks an effective vaccine. Clinical immunity develops in residents of malaria endemic regions which confers reduced clinical symptoms during infection and protects against severe disease. We hypothesized that understanding the immune mechanisms of clinical immunity could inform vaccine design to improve efficacy. We compared the peripheral blood cellular and humoral immune responses during Pf malaria infection between clinically susceptible and protected participants from a malaria endemic region in Malawi during a prospective 18-month longitudinal study. Participant classifications were defined by the number of recurrent clinical malaria episodes with susceptible participants having more than three while protected less than one episode during the study period. Protected participants exhibited higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) breadth and titers against Pf antigens, and greater antibody (Ab)-dependent Pf opsonization compared to susceptible participants, consistent with our classifications. Using high dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF) and spectral flow cytometry, and single-cell transcriptomic analyses, we identified expanded memory CD4+ T cell clonotypes in the blood of protected participants undergoing malaria infection. These cells express a strong cytolytic T helper 1 effector program with transcripts encoding granzymes (A, B, H, M), granulysin, NKG7 and the ZEB2 master transcriptional regulator of terminally differentiated effector T cells. ZEB2+ memory CD4+ T cells were CD39hiTIGIThi and expressed multiple chemotactic and inhibitory receptors. Yet, their levels of several chemokine and checkpoint inhibitory receptors were reduced in protected compared to susceptible individuals. We propose that clonally expanded ZEB2+ cytolytic memory CD4+ Th1 cells could represent essential contributors to clinical immunity against Pf malaria infection.

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