Project description:Investigation of whole genome gene expression level changes in Candida tenuis NRRL Y-1498 grown aerobically in xylose, compared to the same strain grown aerobically in glucose. A six array study using total RNA recovered from three separate cultures of Candida tenuis NRRL Y-1498 grown in glucose and three separate cultures of Candida tenuis NRRL Y-1498 grown in xylose. Each array measures the expression level of 363,196 probes (average probe length 53.1 +/- 3.8 nt) tiled across the Candida tenuis NRRL Y-1498 genome with a median spacing distance of 24 nt. During data processing, probes are filtered to include only those probes corresponding to annotated protein-coding genes.
Project description:Many insects are associated with endosymbionts that influence the feeding, reproduction, and distribution of their hosts. Although the small green mirid, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), a zoophytophagous predator that feeds on plants as well as arthropods, is a globally important biological control agent, its microbiome has not been sufficiently studied. In the present study, we assessed the microbiome variation in 96 N. tenuis individuals from 14 locations throughout Japan, based on amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Nine major bacteria associated with N. tenuis were identified: Rickettsia, two strains of Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, Providencia, Serratia, Pseudochrobactrum, Lactococcus, and Stenotrophomonas. Additionally, a diagnostic PCR analysis for three typical insect reproductive manipulators, Rickettsia, Wolbachia, and Spiroplasma, was performed on a larger sample size (n = 360) of N. tenuis individuals; the most prevalent symbiont was Rickettsia (69.7%), followed by Wolbachia (39.2%) and Spiroplasma (6.1%). Although some symbionts were co-infected, their prevalence did not exhibit any specific tendency, such as a high frequency in specific infection combinations. The infection frequency of Rickettsia was significantly correlated with latitude and temperature, while that of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma was significantly correlated with host plants. The predominance of these bacteria and the absence of obligate symbionts suggested that the N. tenuis microbiome is typical for predatory arthropods rather than sap-feeding insects. Rickettsia and Wolbachia were vertically transmitted rather than horizontally transmitted from the prey. The functional validation of each symbiont would be warranted to develop N. tenuis as a biological control agent.
Project description:Investigation of whole genome gene expression level changes in Candida tenuis NRRL Y-1498 grown aerobically in xylose, compared to the same strain grown aerobically in glucose.