Bacteria
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJDB18874 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Microsporidium that is clinically significant
| PRJNA21013 | ENA
Project description:Objectives: To define the inflammatory signature of healthy keratinocytes induced by gram-negative anaerobe bacteria commonly found in HS and investigate pathways of activation. Methods: Type strains of P. nigrescens, P. melanogenica, P. intermedia, P. asaccharolytica, F. nucleatum, as well as S. aureus and the normal skin commensal S. epidermidis were heat-killed and co-incubated with normal human keratinocytes. RNA was analyzed using RNAseq and RT-qPCR. TLR4 and JAK inhibitors were used to investigate mRNA and protein inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. Results: All GNAs tested induced significantly higher levels of CXCL8 than S. epidermidis or negative control. P. nigrescens, P. melanogenica, and F. nucleatum were the most stimulatory and produced CXCL8 levels much higher than S. aureus. RNASeq revealed a broad inflammatory profile most strongly induced by F. nucleatum. All three bacteria strongly activated the IL-17 pathway and correlated with HS skin transcriptomes. Both TLR4 and JAK inhibition significantly reduced keratinocyte inflammation. Results: All GNAs tested induced significantly higher levels of CXCL8 than S. epidermidis or negative control. P. nigrescens, P. melanogenica, and F. nucleatum were the most stimulatory and produced CXCL8 levels much higher than S. aureus. RNASeq revealed a broad inflammatory profile most strongly induced by F. nucleatum. All three bacteria strongly activated the IL-17 pathway and correlated with HS skin transcriptomes.
2024-06-30 | GSE237052 | GEO
Project description:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from destruction of pancreatic β-cells. T1D subjects were recently shown to harbor distinct intestinal microbiome profiles. Based on these findings, the role of gut bacteria in T1D is being intensively investigated. The mechanism connecting intestinal microbial homeostasis with the development of T1D is unknown. Specific gut bacteria such as Bacteroides dorei (BD) and Ruminococcus gnavus (RG) show markedly increased abundance prior to the development of autoimmunity. One hypothesis is that these bacteria might traverse the damaged gut barrier, and their constituents elicit a response from human islets that causes metabolic abnormalities and inflammation. We have tested this hypothesis by exposing human islets to BD and RG in vitro, after which RNA-Seq analysis was performed. The bacteria altered expression of many islet genes. The commonly upregulated genes by these bacteria were cytokines, chemokines and enzymes, suggesting a significant effect of gut bacteria on islet antimicrobial and biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, each bacteria displayed a unique set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Ingenuity pathway analysis of DEGs revealed that top activated pathways and diseases included TREM1 Signaling and Inflammatory Response, illustrating the ability of bacteria to induce islet inflammation. The increased levels of selected factors were confirmed using immunoblotting and ELISA methods. Our data demonstrate that islets produce a complex anti-bacterial response. The response includes both symbiotic and pathogenic aspects. Both oxidative damage and leukocyte recruitment factors were prominent, which could induce beta cell damage and subsequent autoimmunity.
2019-10-30 | GSE131320 | GEO
Project description:We profiled the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in mice exposed to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using Illumina small RNA deep sequencing. Recombinant-specific gram-negative pathogen Escherichia coli (Xen14) and gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (Xen29) were used to induce bacterial infection in mice at a concentration of 1 × 108 bacteria/100 μL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Small RNA libraries generated from the serum of mice after exposure to PBS, Xen14, Xen29, and Xen14+Xen29 via the routes of subcutaneous injection (I), cut wound (C), or under grafted skin (S) were analyzed using an Illumina HiSeq2000 Sequencer. Following exposure to gram-negative bacteria alone, no differentially expressed miRNA was found in the injection, cut, or skin graft models. Exposure to mixed bacteria induced a similar expression pattern of the circulating miRNAs to that induced by gram-positive bacterial infection. Upon gram-positive bacterial infection, 9 miRNAs (mir-193b-3p, mir-133a-1-3p, mir-133a-2-3p, mir-133a-1-5p, mir-133b-3p, mir-434-3p, mir-127-3p, mir-676-3p, mir-215-5p) showed upregulation greater than 4-fold with a p-value < 0.01. Among them, mir-193b-3p, mir-133a-1-3p, and mir-133a-2-3p presented the most common miRNA targets expressed in the mice exposed to gram-positive bacterial infection.
2014-08-19 | GSE60492 | GEO
Project description:Bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy, dated back to Coley’s toxins (inactivated bacteria) in 1893, has recently regained substantial attentions, usually by using attenuated bacteria to transform immune-silent “cold” tumors into immune-inflamed “hot” ones. However, while inactivated bacteria showed limited antitumor efficacy, attenuated live bacteria often possessed significant safety risks. Herein, by biomineralizing growth of manganese dioxide on the surface of paraformaldehyde-fixed gram-negative Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), we obtained MnO2-coated fixed S. typhimurium (M@F.S), which showed potent immune-stimulating effects via activating multiple pathways including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs). Single intratumoral administration of M@F.S at safe doses resulted in surprisingly strong efficacies in suppressing various types of mouse tumor models and a rabbit cancer model, and the cured mice and rabbits gained immune memory to reject re-challenged tumors. An abscopal antitumor effect was also observed, suggesting systemic antitumor immunity triggered by local injection of M@F.S. The antitumor mechanisms of M@F.S were preliminarily demonstrated to be innate immune activation initiated by multiple signaling pathways, followed by subsequent activation of tumor-specific immune responses, together with the modulation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We further demonstrated the efficacy of biomineralized bacteria in inhibiting an orthotopic breast tumor model established on tree shrews, an alternative animal model to primates with better clinical relevance. Such oncolytic biomineralized bacteria could be a potent yet safe immunotherapeutic agent for treatment of various solid tumors.
2024-08-01 | GSE211069 | GEO