Effect of brown seaweeds on the rumen function
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB11804 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR1141810.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1141820.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1141811.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1141821.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1141802.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Seaweeds may represent immunostimulants that could be used as health-promoting fish feed components thereby offering an alternative for the use of antibiotics. This study was performed to gain insights into the immunomodulatory effects of dietary seaweeds in Atlantic salmon. Specifically tested were 10% inclusion levels of Laminaria digitata (SW1) and a commercial blend of seaweeds (Oceanfeed®) (SW2) against a fishmeal based control diet (FMC). Differences between groups were assessed in growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and blood parameters hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb). After a LPS challenge of fish representing each of the three groups, RNAseq was performed on head kidneys to determine transcriptomic differences in response to the immune activation, to our knowledge for the first time in fish in this context. Atlantic salmon fed with dietary seaweeds showed slightly higher FCRs and more homogenous growth but in general no major differences in performance in comparison with fishmeal fed fish. RNAseq resulted in ~154 million reads which were mapped against a NCBI Salmo salar reference and against a de novo assembled Salmo salar reference for analyses of expression of immune genes and ontology of immune processes among the 87,600 cDNA contigs. The dietary seaweeds provoked a more efficient immune response which involved more efficient identification of the infection site, and processing and presentation of antigens. More specifically, chemotaxis and the chemokine-mediated signaling pathway with involvement of genes such as C-C motif chemokine 19 were improved and the defense response to Gram-positive bacterium reduced. The predicted integrin alpha-2-like gene had by far the highest up-regulated expression and may therefore represent a key marker gene of the LPS immune response in salmonids. Specific Laminaria digita effects included reduction of the cytokine-mediated signalling pathway as indicated by the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and interferon-gamma-mediated signalling as indicated by STAT1 and the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase precursor. Highly upregulated and specific for this diet was the expression of Major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein. The commercial blend of seaweeds caused more differential expression than Laminaria digita and improved immune processes such as receptor-mediated endocytosis, inflammatory response, cell adhesion and response to lipopolysaccharide. Particularly expression of many important immune receptors was up-regulated illustrating increased responsiveness. NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha is an important gene that marked the difference between both seaweed diets as Laminaria digita inhibits the production of this cytokine while the blend of seaweeds stimulates it. It can be concluded that replacing fishmeal partly with seaweeds such as Laminaria digita can have important modulatory effects on the immune capacity of Atlantic salmon resulting in a more efficient immune response.
2018-06-14 | GSE101545 | GEO
Project description:A healthy rumen is crucial for normal growth and improved production performance of ruminant animals. Rumen microbes participate in and regulate rumen epithelial function, and the diverse metabolites produced by rumen microbes are important participants in rumen microbe-host interactions. SCFAs, as metabolites of rumen microbes, have been widely studied, and propionate and butyrate have been proven to promote rumen epithelial cell proliferation. Succinate, as an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle, is a final product in the metabolism of certain rumen microbes, and is also an intermediate product in the microbial synthesis pathway of propionate. However, its effect on rumen microbes and rumen epithelial function has not been studied. It is unclear whether succinate can stimulate rumen epithelial development. Therefore, in this experiment, Chinese Tan sheep were used as experimental animals to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the rumen microbiota community structure and rumen epithelial transcriptome, to explore the role of adding succinate to the diet in the interaction between the rumen microbiota and host.
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Project description:The brown seaweed Laminaria digitata is a novel feedstuff for weaned piglets. It can help prevent dysbiosis in addition to improve overall health and performance. However, it has a recalcitrant cell wall that is not easily digested by the piglet digestive system. Alginate lyase has promising effects for the supplementation of in vivo diets in order to address this issue. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of 10% dietary Laminaria digitata inclusion and alginate lyase supplementation on the hepatic proteome and metabolome of weaned piglets in a physiological study. The diets caused incipient differences on the metabolome of piglets, with the proteome having the most significant changes. Feeding seaweed provided a source of n-3 PUFA that accumulated in the liver, signalling for increased fatty acid oxidation (FABP, ACADSB, ALDH1B1). This contributed at least in part to reduce oxidative stability of the tissue, demanding the higher abundance of GST to maintain it. Reactive oxygen species possibly damaged proteins, which caused hepatocytes to increase proteasome activity (LAPTM4B, PSMD4), recycling their amino acids. Providing alginate lyase to the diet increased the number of differentially abundant proteins, including GBE1 and LDHC that contributed to the maintenance of circulating glucose through mobilization of glycogen stores and branched chain amino acids. Enzymatic supplementation enhanced the baseline effects of feeding seaweed alone.
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Project description:AIMS: To explore and validate the utility of rumen endoscopy for collection of rumen papillae for gene expression measurement. METHODS: Four adult Coopworth ewes were fasted for either 4 or 24 hours. Animals were sedated, placed in a dorsally recumbent position at 45 degrees with the head upright, and an endoscope inserted via a tube inserted into the mouth. Biopsies of rumen papillae were taken from the ventral surface of the rumen atrium under visual guidance. Two biopsies were collected from one of the animals that had been fasted for 4 hours, and three from one of the animals that had been fasted for 24 hours. Video of the rumen atrium and reticulum was also collected. The animals recovered uneventfully. Biopsies were subsequently used for extraction and sequencing of mRNA. RESULTS: The ventral surface of the rumen atrium was accessible after 4 hours off pasture, but a larger region was accessible after 24 hours of fasting. Sedation allowed access for endoscope use for around 5 to 10 minutes after which increased saliva flow was noted. Rumen papillae biopsies were easily collected, with samples from a variety of sites collected in the ∼10 minute time window. High quality RNA was obtained for stranded mRNA sequencing. Of the resulting reads, 69–70% mapped uniquely to version 3.1 of the ovine genome, and 48–49% to a known gene. The rumen mRNA profiles were consistent with a previously reported study. CONCLUSIONS: This method for obtaining rumenal tissue was found to be rapid and resulted in no apparent short or long term effects on the animal. High quality RNA was successfully extracted and amplified from the rumen papillae biopsies, indicating that this technique could be used for future gene expression studies. The use of rumen endoscopy could be extended to collection of a variety of rumen and reticulum anatomical measurements and deposition and retrieval of small sensors from the rumen. Rumen endoscopy offers an attractive and cost effective approach to repeated rumen biopsies compared with serial slaughter or use of cannulated animals.
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