Project description:Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe consequence of abrupt hepatocyte injury with lethal outcomes. Three toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligonucleotide (CpG ODN), respectively, cause severe and acute hepatitis in D-galactosamine (D-GalN) sensitized mice as the experimental ALF animal models. However, the molecular differences in ALF among the three models are unclear. Here, we conducted global proteomic analyses of the three ALF mice models. We identified 227, 321, and 114 differentially regulated proteins and 80,195, and 23 specifically expressed proteins in the poly(I:C)/D-GalN, LPS/D-GalN and CpG ODN/D-GalN groups compared to the control group, respectively. Fifty-two proteins were commonly identified in the three ALF groups. Gene ontology (GO) analyses showed that 45 proteins were located in organelles, 35 proteins were involved in metabolic processes, and 10 proteins were involved in immune system processes. Poly (I:C)- and LPS-specific proteins were mainly distributed in the membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. LPS-specific proteins were more enriched in metabolic pathways. CpG-specific proteins were mainly related to the ribosome structural composition. In conclusion, our study shows different molecular mechanisms of three TLR agonists in D-GalN induced ALF and provides a useful dataset for the guidance of future studies.
Project description:Bioinformatic analysis of microarray data was used to identify the regulatory patterns underlying changes in gene expression induced when RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated via TLR9 by CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) and/or via TLR3 by poly (I:C). While the genes activated by each ligand mediated similar functions, poly (I:C) elicited a larger and more diverse change in gene expression. Co-stimulation with both ligands accelerated gene expression and synergistically activated genes primarily associated with immune function. This is the first work to compare global changes in gene regulation triggered by distinct TLR pathways and clarify their impact on gene expression.
Project description:mouse primary BMDCs were stimulated with tlr ligands and gene expression changes were profiled on Affymetrix arrays BMDC were stimulated with 5 tlr ligands (LPS, pIC ,PAM, CpG, GRD) across 9 time points (.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24 hours). Unstimulated cells were used as controls.
Project description:Bioinformatic analysis of microarray data was used to identify the regulatory patterns underlying changes in gene expression induced when RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated via TLR9 by CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) and/or via TLR3 by poly (I:C). While the genes activated by each ligand mediated similar functions, poly (I:C) elicited a larger and more diverse change in gene expression. Co-stimulation with both ligands accelerated gene expression and synergistically activated genes primarily associated with immune function. This is the first work to compare global changes in gene regulation triggered by distinct TLR pathways and clarify their impact on gene expression. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured for 5 days in DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS, 50 U/ml penicillin, 50 ug/ml streptomycin, and 1mM sodium pyruvate at 37C in a 5% CO2 in air incubator. Cells were washed, transferred into new flasks, and rested for 16 hr before being stimulated with 3.2 ug/ml CpG ODN and/or 32 ug/ml poly(I:C) for 4 - 12 hr. All experiments were independently repeated three times, and data from all experiments combined for analysis. Control samples included RAW 264.7 cells that were unstimulated and collected at 4 and 12 hours. All arrays used reverse transcribed mRNA from stimulted and unstimulated RAW cells as well as Universal Mouse Reference RNA purchased from Stratagene, La Holla, CA.
Project description:Gene expression kinetics for BM-DM from C57BL/6 mouse stimulated with four different TLR ligands poly(I:C), R848, LPS, Pam3CSK4 either singly or in paired combination, for 1 hour, 4 hour, or 8 hour.
Project description:Molecular Pathways and Transcriptional Networks Involved in the Macrophage Response to LPS, poly(I:C) and CpG DNA Stimulation Background: Toll-like family of receptors recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from different organisms. TLR4 is the receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), dsRNA viral mimic poly(I:C) binds to TLR3, and bacterial CpG DNA signals through TLR9. TLR4 signaling is mediated by adaptor molecules Myd88 and TRIF while TLR3 pathway involves only the TRIF adaptor and TLR9 signals solely through Myd88. Methods: To identify genes other than those in TLR pathways that mediate macrophage response to different PAMPs, RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS, poly(I:C), or CpG DNA, and RNA was profiled on microarrays 6 hrs and 24 hrs post-treatment. Gene expression data were analyzed to determine genes, pathways and transcriptional networks that are in common and unique to each of the three TLR stimuli. Potentially novel candidates revealed by this analysis were tested for their role in innate immunity using RNA interference. Results: Many genes are differentially regulated by LPS and poly(I:C) at both 6 hrs and 24 hrs following treatment, while CpG DNA elicits a much less pronounced transcriptional response. By analyzing gene expression data for networks and pathways, we prioritized differentially expressed genes that are in common to all three PAMPs as well as those shared by LPS and poly(I:C). Knockdown by RNA interference of two genes, Plec1 and TPST1, inhibited production of IL-6 in response to LPS in cultured macrophages. Conclusions: We have identified novel innate immunity genes that may be important in macrophage response to LPS, poly(I:C), and CpG DNA stimuli. Our results provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets that should be further investigated in mice and human populations.
Project description:Molecular Pathways and Transcriptional Networks Involved in the Macrophage Response to LPS, poly(I:C) and CpG DNA Stimulation Background: Toll-like family of receptors recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from different organisms. TLR4 is the receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), dsRNA viral mimic poly(I:C) binds to TLR3, and bacterial CpG DNA signals through TLR9. TLR4 signaling is mediated by adaptor molecules Myd88 and TRIF while TLR3 pathway involves only the TRIF adaptor and TLR9 signals solely through Myd88. Methods: To identify genes other than those in TLR pathways that mediate macrophage response to different PAMPs, RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS, poly(I:C), or CpG DNA, and RNA was profiled on microarrays 6 hrs and 24 hrs post-treatment. Gene expression data were analyzed to determine genes, pathways and transcriptional networks that are in common and unique to each of the three TLR stimuli. Potentially novel candidates revealed by this analysis were tested for their role in innate immunity using RNA interference. Results: Many genes are differentially regulated by LPS and poly(I:C) at both 6 hrs and 24 hrs following treatment, while CpG DNA elicits a much less pronounced transcriptional response. By analyzing gene expression data for networks and pathways, we prioritized differentially expressed genes that are in common to all three PAMPs as well as those shared by LPS and poly(I:C). Knockdown by RNA interference of two genes, Plec1 and TPST1, inhibited production of IL-6 in response to LPS in cultured macrophages. Conclusions: We have identified novel innate immunity genes that may be important in macrophage response to LPS, poly(I:C), and CpG DNA stimuli. Our results provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets that should be further investigated in mice and human populations. For each treatment (LPS, polyIC, CpG DNA, media only), three biological replicates (separate macrophage cultures and RNA isolations) were profiled. Each sample was labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 and co-hybridized with Stratagene Universal Mouse Reference (dye flip techical replicates). Expression at 2 timepoints (6 and 24 hours post-treatment) was assessed.
Project description:Background: Toll-like family of receptors recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from different organisms. TLR4 is the receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), dsRNA viral mimic poly(I:C) binds to TLR3, and bacterial CpG DNA signals through TLR9. TLR4 signaling is mediated by adaptor molecules Myd88 and TRIF while TLR3 pathway involves only the TRIF adaptor and TLR9 signals solely through Myd88. Methods: To identify genes other than those in TLR pathways that mediate macrophage response to different PAMPs, RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS, poly(I:C), or CpG DNA, and RNA was profiled on microarrays 6 hrs and 24 hrs post-treatment. Gene expression data were analyzed to determine genes, pathways and transcriptional networks that are in common and unique to each of the three TLR stimuli. Potentially novel candidates revealed by this analysis were tested for their role in innate immunity using RNA interference. Results: Many genes are differentially regulated by LPS and poly(I:C) at both 6 hrs and 24 hrs following treatment, while CpG DNA elicits a much less pronounced transcriptional response. By analyzing gene expression data for networks and pathways, we prioritized differentially expressed genes that are in common to all three PAMPs as well as those shared by LPS and poly(I:C). Knockdown by RNA interference of two genes, Plec1 and TPST1, inhibited production of IL-6 in response to LPS in cultured macrophages. Conclusions: We have identified novel innate immunity genes that may be important in macrophage response to LPS, poly(I:C), and CpG DNA stimuli. Our results provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets that should be further investigated in mice and human populations. Keywords: time course For each treatment (Sigma LPS, LIST LPS, and media only), three biological replicates (separate macrophage cultures and RNA isolations) were profiled. Each sample was labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 and co-hybridized with Stratagene Universal Mouse Reference (dye flip techical replicates). Expression at 2 timepoints (6 and 24 hours post-treatment) was assessed.