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Genome-wide mapping of transcriptional start sites defines an extensive leaderless transcriptome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT: Genome-wide mapping of transcriptional start sites defines an extensive leaderless transcriptome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

PROVIDER: PRJEB1807 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR262978.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR262979.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR262980.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR262981.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR262982.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Genome-wide mapping of transcriptional start sites defines an extensive leaderless transcriptome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Project description:Deciphering physiological changes that mediate transition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis between replicating and nonreplicating states is essential to understanding how the pathogen can persist in an individual host for decades. We have combined RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of 5' triphosphate-enriched libraries with regular RNA-seq to characterize the architecture and expression of M. tuberculosis promoters. We identified over 4,000 transcriptional start sites (TSSs). Strikingly, for 26% of the genes with a primary TSS, the site of transcriptional initiation overlapped with the annotated start codon, generating leaderless transcripts lacking a 5' UTR and, hence, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence commonly used to initiate ribosomal engagement in eubacteria. Genes encoding proteins with active growth functions were markedly depleted from the leaderless transcriptome, and there was a significant increase in the overall representation of leaderless mRNAs in a starvation model of growth arrest. The high percentage of leaderless genes may have particular importance in the physiology of nonreplicating M. tuberculosis.

| S-EPMC3898074 | biostudies-literature

Genome-wide mapping of transcriptional start sites defines an extensive leaderless transcriptome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Project description:In this study we have combined RNA-seq analysis of genome-wide transcriptional start sites with regular RNA-seq to study the transcriptional landscape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during exponential culture and growth arrest using a starvation model where exponentially growing cells are incubated in PBS for 24 hours. Three independent biological replicates were used in this experiment.

2013-11-22 | E-MTAB-1616 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Discrimination of initiator tRNA and start codon by mammalian mitochondrial initiation factor 3 in leaderless mRNA translation

Project description:The mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis system produces thirteen essential subunits of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. Translation initiation in mammalian mitochondria is characterized by the use of leaderless mRNAs and non-AUG start codons, where the proofreading function of IF-3mt still remains elusive. Here, we developed a reconstituted mammalian mitochondrial translation system using in vitro transcribed and native mitochondrial tRNAs to investigate IF-3mt’s proofreading function. Similar to bacterial IF-3, IF-3mt permits initiator tRNA to participate in initiation by discriminating the three G-C pairs in its anticodon stem, and the cognate interaction of its anticodon with the AUG start codon. As a result, IF-3mt promotes the accurate initiation of leaderless mRNAs. Nevertheless, IF-3mt can also facilitate initiation from the non-AUG(AUA) start codon through its unique N- and C-terminal extensions in concert with the 5-methylcytidine (m5C) or 5-formylcytidine (f5C) modification at the anticodon wobble position of mt-tRNAMet. This is partly because the IF-3mt-specific N- and C-terminal extensions and the KKGK-motif favor leaderless mRNA initiation and relax non-AUG start codon discrimination. Analyses of IF-3mt-depleted cells revealed that, in human cells, IF-3mt indeed participates in translating the ORFs of leaderless mRNAs, as well as the internal ORFs of bicistronic mRNAs.

2025-02-05 | GSE282838 | GEO

CAGE mapping Drosophila Hemocytes start sites

Project description:CAGE mapping Drosophila Hemocytes start sites

| PRJEB45705 | ENA

Genome-wide mapping of transcription start sites in a ∆set2 strain

Project description:Here we quantified the transcription start site usage in a WT strain (BY4741) and a ∆set2 strain associated with the appearence of cryptic transcription start sites.

2015-01-14 | GSE62735 | GEO

RNA-seq and Proteogenomics Reveal the Importance of Leaderless mRNAs in the Radiation-tolerant Bacterium Deinococcus deserti

Project description:Deinococcus deserti is a desiccation- and radiation-tolerant desert bacterium. Differential RNA sequencing was performed to explore the specificities of its transcriptome. Strikingly, for 1174 (60%) mRNAs the transcription start site was found exactly at (916 cases, 47%) or very close to the translation initiation codon AUG or GUG. Such proportion of leaderless mRNAs, which may resemble ancestral mRNAs, is unprecedented for a bacterial species. Proteomics showed that leaderless mRNAs are efficiently translated in D. deserti. Interestingly, we also found 173 additional transcripts with a 5’-AUG or 5’-GUG that would make them competent for ribosome binding and translation into novel small polypeptides. Fourteen of these are predicted to be leader peptides involved in transcription attenuation. Another 30 correlated with new gene predictions and/or showed conservation with annotated and non-annotated genes in other Deinococcus species, and five of these novel polypeptides were indeed detected by mass spectrometry. The data also allowed re-annotation of the start codon position of 257 genes, including several DNA repair genes. Moreover, several novel highly radiation-induced genes were found and their potential roles are discussed. Based on our RNA sequencing and proteogenomics data, we propose that translation of many of the novel leaderless transcripts, which may have resulted from single nucleotide changes and maintained by selective pressure, provides a new explanation for the generation of a cellular pool of small peptides important for protection of proteins against oxidation and thus for radiation/desiccation tolerance and adaptation to harsh environmental conditions.

2014-04-08 | GSE56058 | GEO

Discrimination of initiator tRNA and start codon by mammalian mitochondrial initiation factor 3 in leaderless mRNA translation

Project description:Discrimination of initiator tRNA and start codon by mammalian mitochondrial initiation factor 3 in leaderless mRNA translation

| PRJNA1190589 | ENA

Precise mapping of the transcription start sites of human microRNAs using DROSHA knockout cells

Project description:Background: The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is primarily regulated during their transcription. However, the transcriptional regulation of miRNA genes has not been studied extensively owing to the lack of sufficient information about the promoters and transcription start sites of most miRNAs. Results: In this study, we identified the transcription start sites of human primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) using DROSHA knockout cells. DROSHA knockout resulted in increased accumulation of pri-miRNAs and facilitated the precise mapping of their 5′ end nucleotides using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. By analyzing the promoter region encompassing the transcription start sites of miRNAs, we found that the unrelated miRNAs in their sequences have many common elements in their promoters for binding the same transcription factors. Moreover, by analyzing intronic miRNAs, we also obtained comprehensive evidence that miRNA-harboring introns are spliced more slowly than other introns. Conclusions: The precisely mapped transcription start sites of pri-miRNAs, and the list of transcription factors for pri-miRNAs regulation, will be valuable resources for future studies to understand the regulatory network of miRNAs.

2016-10-05 | GSE80258 | GEO

Mapping and quantifying nascent transcript start sites using TT-TSS-seq

Project description:Transcription initiation is a highly dynamic and tightly regulated process involving the coordinated action of transcription factors, chromatin remodelers, and RNA polymerase which determine where and when transcription begins. Accurately mapping and quantifying transcription start sites (TSSs) from nascently transcribed RNAs remains a key area of interest, as it provides critical insights into transcription dynamics. Here, we combined transient transcriptome sequencing with transcription start site sequencing (TT-TSS-seq) to accurately map and quantify transcription initiation sites from nascent transcripts. Since transient metabolic labelling yields low-input RNA, we optimized the TSS-seq protocol to enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Specifically, we refined enzymatic reactions for decapping and RNA ligation and incorporated 5' oligonucleotides including unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) and barcodes to enable accurate quantification and sample multiplexing. The TT-TSS-seq approach detected transcription initiation of unstable transcripts, such as enhancer RNAs. Moreover, we identified that a large fraction of genes use multiple transcription initiation sites, yet often produce only a single stable transcript. Overall, TT-TSS-seq provides precise mapping and quantification of transcription initiation sites, offering new insights into transcriptional dynamics and expanding the toolkit for studying gene regulation.

2025-03-31 | GSE292786 | GEO

Ribosome profiling in archaea reveals leaderless translation, novel translational initiation sites, and ribosome pausing at single codon resolution

Project description:Members of the third domain of life, the Archaea, are ubiquitous in all environments on Earth but remain understudied in many aspects including regulatory processes of the central dogma. Archaea present unique biology because they utilize a mosaic of molecular features from both Bacteria and Eukarya, along with unique features. The advent of a high-throughput view of the translation landscape via ribosome profiling in the Bacteria and the Eukarya has illuminated the complexity and previously underappreciated regulation of translation (i.e. translation efficiency, ribosome surveillance, etc.) that potentially has large scale effects on cellular functionality. Here, we developed ribosome profiling in a model archaeon, Haloferax volcanii and elucidated the translational landscape for the first time in the third domain of life. We coupled ribosome profiling with translation inhibitors to: (a) determine the size of the archaeal ribosome footprint, (b) systematically assign translation states of the ribosome to footprint lengths in a mostly leaderless transcriptome, (c) experimentally induce ribosome pauses and clarify the pausing landscape comprehensively, (d) identify putative novel proteins, including small open reading frames (smORFs), and (e) provide evidence that many genes initiate on putative alternative translation start sites (paTSS) around and within open reading frames (ORFs), demonstrating how a microorganism with a gene dense genome can produce proteins with distinct functions using the same gene.

2020-04-27 | GSE138990 | GEO

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