Tree species preferences of deadwood-inhabiting fungi in temperate forests
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB21052 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR1993730.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1993740.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1993750.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1993760.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR1993770.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Wood-inhabiting fungi have essential roles in the regulation of carbon stocks and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. However, knowledge pertaining to wood-inhabiting fungi is only fragmentary and controversial. Here we established a large-scale deadwood experiment with 11 tree species to investigate diversity and tree species preferences of wood-inhabiting fungi using next-generation sequencing. Our results contradict existing knowledge based on sporocarp surveys and challenge current views on their distribution and diversity in temperate forests. Analyzing ?-, ?- and ?-diversity, we show that diverse fungi colonize deadwood at different spatial scales. Specifically, coniferous species have higher ?- and ?-diversity than the majority of analyzed broadleaf species, but two broadleaf species showed the highest ?-diversity. Surprisingly, we found nonrandom co-occurrence (P<0.001) and strong tree species preferences of wood-inhabiting fungi, especially in broadleaf trees (P<0.01). Our results indicate that the saprotrophic fungal community is more specific to tree species than previously thought.The ISME Journal advance online publication, 31 October 2017; doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.177.
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Project description:Deadwood plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems, but we have limited information about the specific fungal taxa and extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes that are actively involved in the decomposition process in situ. To investigate this, we studied the fungal metaproteome of twelve deadwood tree species in a replicated, eight-year experiment. Key fungi observed included genera of white-rot fungi (Basidiomycota, e.g. Armillaria, Hypholoma, Mycena, Ischnoderma, Resinicium), brown-rot fungi (Basidiomycota, e.g. Fomitopsis, Antrodia), diverse Ascomycota including xylariacous soft-rot fungi (e.g. Xylaria, Annulohypoxylon, Nemania) and various wood-associated endophytes and saprotrophs (Ascocoryne, Trichoderma, Talaromyces). These fungi used a whole range of extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes, such as peroxidases, peroxide-producing enzymes, laccases, cellulases, glucosidases, hemicellulases (xylanases) and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). Both the fungi and enzymes were tree-specific, with specialists and generalists being distinguished by network analysis. The extracellular enzymatic system was highly redundant, with many enzyme classes of different origins present simultaneously in all decaying logs. Strong correlations were found between peroxide-producing enzymes (oxidases) and peroxidases as well as LPMOs, and between ligninolytic, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. The overall protein abundance of lignocellulolytic enzymes was reduced by up to -30% in gymnosperm logs compared to angiosperm logs, and gymnosperms lacked ascomycetous enzymes, which may have contributed to the lower decomposition of gymnosperm wood. In summary, we have obtained a comprehensive and detailed insight into the enzymatic machinery of wood-inhabiting fungi in several temperate forest tree species, which can help to improve our understanding of the complex ecological processes in forest ecosystems.
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Project description:Despite the important role of wood-inhabiting fungi (WIF) in deadwood decomposition, our knowledge of the factors shaping the dynamics of their species richness and community composition is scarce. This is due to limitations regarding the resolution of classical methods used for characterizing WIF communities and to a lack of well-replicated long-term experiments with sufficient numbers of tree species. Here, we used a large scale experiment with logs of 11 tree species at an early stage of decomposition, distributed across three regions of Germany, to identify the factors shaping WIF community composition and Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) richness using next generation sequencing. We found that tree species identity was the most significant factor, corresponding to (P < 0.001) and explaining 10% (representing 48% of the explainable variance) of the overall WIF community composition. The next important group of variables were wood-physicochemical properties, of which wood pH was the only factor that consistently corresponded to WIF community composition. For overall WIF richness patterns, we found that approximately 20% of the total variance was explained by wood N content, location, tree species identity and wood density. It is noteworthy that the importance of determinants of WIF community composition and richness appeared to depend greatly on tree species group (broadleaved vs. coniferous) and it differed between the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
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