Project description:The origins, prevalence and nature of dairying have been long debated by archaeologists. Within the last decade, new advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry have allowed for the direct detection of milk proteins from archaeological remains, including ceramics, dental calculus, and preserved dairy products. Proteins recovered from archaeological remains are susceptible to post-excavation and laboratory contamination, a particular concern for ancient dairying studies as milk proteins are potential laboratory contaminants. Here, we examine how site-specific rates of deamidation can be used to elucidate patterns of peptide degradation, and authenticate ancient milk proteins. First, we characterize site-specific deamidation patterns in modern milk products and experimental samples, confirming that deamidation occurs primarily at low half-time sites. We then compare this to previously published ancient proteomic data from six studies reporting ancient milk peptides. We confirm that site-specific deamidation rates, on average, are more advanced in beta-lactoglobulin recovered from ancient dental calculus and pottery residues. Nevertheless, deamidation rates displayed a high degree of variability, making it challenging to authenticate samples with relatively few milk peptides. We demonstrate that site-specific deamidation is a useful tool for identifying modern contamination but highlight the need for multiple lines of evidence to authenticate ancient protein data.

2021-08-05 | PXD022368 | Pride

Ancient nuclear genomes enable repatriation of Indigenous human remains

Project description:For many decades Indigenous people, including Native Americans and Aboriginal Australians, have fought for their return of their ancient people. By sequencing ten ancient nuclear genomes of Aboriginal Australians and 27 mitogenomes from ancient pre-European Aboriginal Australians (up to 1,540 yr BP) of known provenance we demonstrate the feasibility of successfully identifying the geographic origins of unprovenanced ancestral remains using genomic methods.

| EGAS00001003359 | EGA

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