Monocyte-derived IL-1 and IL-6 are differentially required for cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity by CAR-T cells.
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PROVIDER: PRJEB29431 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Single-cell transcriptome profiling using a 3' droplet-based platform (Chromium,10x Genomics) of human CD45+ leukocytes isolated from leukemic HuSGM3 mice infused with CD19.28z CAR-T cells, two days after cytokine release syndrome (CRS) onset and 5 days later.
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Project description:Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy targeting CD19 is an effective treatment for refractory B cell malignancies, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). While a majority of patients will achieve a complete response following a single infusion of CD19 CAR T cells, the broad applicability of this treatment is hampered by severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which is characterised by fever, hypotension and respiratory insufficiency associated with elevated serum cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6). CRS usually occurs within days of T cell infusion at the peak of CAR T cell expansion. In ALL, it is most frequent and more severe in patients with high tumour burden CRS is often responsive to IL-6 receptor blockade, but may require intensive life support and further treatment with high dose corticosteroids to prevent potentially lethal severity. Improved therapeutic and preventive treatments require a better understanding of CRS physiopathology, which has so far remained elusive. We report here a murine model of CRS that develops within 2-3 days of CAR T cell infusion, may be lethal and is responsive to IL-6 receptor blockade. We show that its severity is mediated not by CAR T cell-derived cytokines but by IL-6, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Nitric Oxide (NO) produced by recipient macrophages. This CRS mechanism enables novel therapeutic interventions.
2018-05-28 | GSE111236 | GEO
Project description:CAR T cell related cytokine release syndrome mouse model
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Project description:Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are engineered lymphocytes able to recognize and eradicate cancer cells. While CAR T cell therapy has shown promising outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies, it can cause undesirable side-effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS is triggered by CAR T cell-based activation of monocytes, which are stimulated via the CD40L–CD40R axis or via uptake of GM-CSF to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mouse models have been used to model CRS but they are labor intensive and not amenable to screening approaches. To overcome this challenge, we established two cell-based CRS in vitro models that entail the co-culturing of leukemic B cells with CD19-targeting CAR T cells and primary monocytes from the same donor. Upon antigen encounter, CAR T cells upregulated CD40L and GM-CSF which stimulated the monocytes to release IL-6. To endorse these models, we demonstrated that neutralizing antibodies or genetic disruption of the CD40L and/or CSF2 loci in CAR T cells using CRISPR-Cas technology significantly reduced IL-6 secretion by bystander monocytes without affecting the cytolytic activity of the engineered lymphocytes. Overall, our cell-based models were able to recapitulate CRS in vitro, allowing us to validate mitigation strategies based on antibodies or genome editing.
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Project description:The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cell therapy is suboptimal in most of the cancer types , necessitating further improvement in their therapeutic actions. However, enhancing antitumor T cell response inevitably confers an increased risk of cytokine release syndrome associated with monocyte-derived IL-6 secretion. Thus, a novel approach to simultaneously enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety is warranted. In this study, we developed a chimeric cytokine receptor composed of the extracellular domains of GP130 and IL6RA linked to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of IL-7R mutant that constitutively activate JAK-STAT pathway (G6/7R). CAR-T cells with G6/7R efficiently absorbed and degraded monocyte-derived IL-6 both in vitro and in vivo. The G6/7R-expressing CAR-T cells showed superior expansion and persistence in vivo, which resulted in durable antitumor response in multple tumor models. Our strategy can be widely applicable to CAR-T cell therapy to enhance its efficacy and safety, irrespective of the target antigen.
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Project description:Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is one of the leading causes of mortality in COVID-19 patients caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. However, the mechanism of CRS induced by SARS-CoV-2 is vague. This study shows that dendritic cells loaded with spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 stimulate T cells to release much more IL-2, which subsequently cooperates with spike protein to facilitate peripheral blood mononuclear cells to release IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. The aim of this sequencing is to find the key molecular of IL-2 synergistic spike protein releasing much more inflammatory factors in PBMCs and to explore the molecular mechanism.
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