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Influenza IVTT transmission

ABSTRACT: Characterising viable influenza virus from airborne droplets

PROVIDER: PRJEB32456 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR3338630_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR3338630_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR3338640_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR3338640_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR3338650_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Host responses that correlate with respiratory droplet transmission of swine-origin influenza viruses in ferrets.

Project description:The determinants of influenza transmission remain poorly understood. Swine influenza viruses preferentially attach to receptors found in the upper airways; however, most swine influenza viruses fail to transmit efficiently from swine to humans, and from human-to-human. The pandemic 2009 H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus was a rare exception of a swine virus that acquired efficient transmissibility from human-to-human, and is reflected in efficient respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets. We hypothesize that virus-induced host responses in the upper airways correlate with airborne transmission in ferrets. To address this question, we used the H1N1pdm virus and swine influenza A/swine/Hong Kong/201/2010 (HK201) virus that has comparable titre in the ferret nasopharynx, but it exhibits differential transmissibility in ferrets via respiratory droplet route. We performed a transcriptomic analysis of tissues from the upper and lower respiratory tract from ferrets infected with either H1N1pdm or HK201 viruses using ferret-specific Agilent oligonucleotide arrays. We found differences in the kinetics of the innate immune response elicited by these two viruses that varied across tissues.

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High body temperature increases gut microbiota-dependent host resistance to influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection (Hamster)

Project description:While a common symptom of influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is fever, its physiological role on host resistance to viral infection remains less clear. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of mice to the high ambient temperature of 36 °C increase host resistance to viral pathogens including influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). High heat-exposed mice increase basal body temperature over 38 °C to enable more bile acids production in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The gut microbiota-derived deoxycholic acid (DCA) and its plasma membrane-bound receptor Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signaling increase host resistance to influenza virus infection by suppressing virus replication and neutrophil-dependent tissue damage. Furthermore, the DCA and its nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist protect Syrian hamster from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that certain bile acids are reduced in the plasma of COVID-19 patients who developed moderate I/II disease compared with minor illness group. These findings uncover an unexpected mechanism by which virus-induced high fever increases host resistance to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.

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High body temperature increases gut microbiota-dependent host resistance to influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection (Mouse)

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