Haplotype resolved chromosome level assembly of Apricot.
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ABSTRACT: Haplotype resolved chromosome level assembly of Apricot generated by application of gamete binning on single cell sequencing data of gametes.
Project description:The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential use of microarray technology, developed in model species, in related, yet phenotypically distinct, species where few or no information are available. Considering the high degree of sequence conservation within the Rosaceae family and, in particular, among the Prunus species we employed the first available peach oligonucleotide microarray (µPEACH 1.0) for studying the transcrptomic profile during apricot fruit development (Prunus armeniaca L., cv. 'Goldrich'). Fruit material was harvested at three distinct stages, corresponding to immature-green stage (6 weeks before fully-ripe stage), mature-firm-ripe stage (change of peel color, 1 week before fully-ripe stage) and at fully-ripe stage and designated as S1, S2 and S3 stages, respectively. Apricot targets cDNA, when applied the µPEACH1.0, were showing significant hybridization with an average of 43% of spotted targets validating the use of μPEACH1.0 to profile the transcriptome of apricot fruit during development and ripening. Microarray analysis carried out on immature and ripe peach and apricot fruit separately pointed out that 70% of genes differentially expressed was detectable the same pattern of expression in both species. This result indicates that the transcriptome of immature and ripe fruit are quite similar in apricot and peach, but also highlighted the presence of transcript changes specie-specific. When μPEACH1.0 was used to profile apricot developing fruit were identified 400 and 74 genes differetially expressed during the transition from S1 to S2 stage and from S2 to S3 stage, respectively. Intriguingly, a considerable number of auxin action regulators (AUX/IAA) and of genes coding heat shock proteins (hsp) were highly up-regulated at the onset and late of ripening phase, respectively.The comparison between the expression profiles of these apricot genes and their peach hortologues showed a similar pattern for AUX/IAA and quite different for hsps. This result suggests a similar role for AUX/IAA in both species and a more important involvement for hsps in the apricot fruit ripening.
Project description:Flower development is a key stage in the life cycle of fruit trees and its proper development is considered its reproductive success. Pistil abortion is a widely distributed phenomenon in fruit plants and its mechanism in Japanese apricot is quite unclear. The present study was carried out to get a deep insight about the regulatory mechanism of pistil abortion in Japanese apricot using transcriptomic approach. A large number of DEGs (24,683) were identified in normal (N) and abortive pistil stages i.e. style browning (STYB), stigma browning (STIB) and ovary browning (OVB). Pair-wise comparison analysis was performed as N vs STYB, N vs STIB, N vs OVB and STIB vs OVB, and produced 9592, 8691, 8660 and 8103 transcripts, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) showed that different metabolic processes, plant hormones, flower development and photosystem related genes were involved in pistil abortion. The pathway analysis revealed that plant hormones signal transduction and circadian rhythm pathways were found significantly enriched. Furthermore, transcription factors such as MYB, MADS-box and NAC family remained highly expressed. Maximum number of the genes were grouped to cluster 11, and were highly expressed at OVB stage, suggesting that this stage might be critical for pistil abortion. This study provides an alternatives to be consider for further studies and understanding of pistil abortion processes in Japanese apricot, and provide a reference related to this issue for other deciduous fruit crops.
Project description:The TCP4 transcription factor plays an important role in plant growth and development, especially in flower development. PmTCP4 is involved in the process of pistil abortion in Japanese apricot, but its molecular mechanism, particularly the DNA binding sites and co-regulatory genes, are quite unknown. Therefore, to identify the genome-wide binding sites of PmTCP4 transcription factors and their co-regulatory genes, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIPSeq) was carried out. ChIP-Seq data produced the maximum enriched peaks in two Japanese apricot cultivars ‘Daqiandi’ (DQD) and ‘Longyan’ (LY), which showed that the majority ofDNA-protein interactions are relevant and have a significant function in binding sites. Moreover, 720 and 251 peak-associated genes regulated by PmTCP4 were identified in DQD and LY, respectively, and most of them were involved in the flower and pistil development process. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were the most enriched pathways in both cultivars and all identified genes related to these pathways were down-regulated. This study will provide a reference for a better understanding of the PmTCP4 regulatory mechanism during pistil abortion in Japanese apricot.
Project description:Fruit trees, as apricots, can be infected by and are constantly exposed to the attack of viruses. As they are propagated on a vegetative way, this risk is present not only at the field, where they exists for decades, but also during propagation. Metagenomic diagnostic methods, based on next generation sequencing, offer unique possibilities to reveal all the presenting pathogens in the investigated sample. Using small RNA NGS, a special fields of this technique, we tested leaf samples of different varieties of apricot in isolator house and at open air stock nursery. As a result, we identified Cherry Virus A (CVA) and Little Cherry Virus1 (LChV1) first time in Hungary. Gained results were validated by RT-PCR and also by Northern blot in the case of CVA. Cloned and Sanger sequenced viral PCR products enabled us to investigate their phylogenetic relationships. Our results demonstrate, that small RNA NGS can offer a sensitive virus diagnostics method, moreover beside obligatory tested viruses we could detect CVA and LChV1. However as these pathogens haven’t been described in our country before, their role in symptom development and modification during coinfection with other viruses requires further investigations.