ABSTRACT: Effect of Supplementation with Synbotic Ice Cream on the immune response, health in general and parameters related to the gut-brain axis in military submitted to field training
Project description:Effect of Supplementation with Synbotic Ice Cream on the immune response, health in general and parameters related to the gut-brain axis in military submitted to field training
Project description:We have previously shown that nano-sized graphene oxide (NGO) displays anti-inflammatory activities against natural killer T (NKT) cell-mediated sepsis. To address whether NGO could be applied to treat acute skin inflammation. We developed a conventional skin Cetaphil® cream containing NGO (NGO cream) for topical application to skin lesions and investigated its therapeutic efficacy by employing the tape-stripping-induced acute skin inflammation model. Topical application of NGO cream to the wounded area significantly reduced skin lesions compared with the control cream. Moreover, NGO cream treatment prevented the tape-stripping-elicited infiltration of and IL1β production by skin neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, such anti-inflammatory effects of NGO cream were attributed to decreased infiltration of IL12-producing DCs and IFNγ-producing cells (e.g., CD4+ T, CD8+ T, γδ T, NK, and NKT cells) into the skin. In addition, topical NGO cream administration enhanced the expression of suppressive molecules such as FR4 on skin regulatory T cells. Through RNA sequencing analysis, we found that the preventive effect of NGO cream on acute skin inflammation may be correlated with the activation of keratinocytes located in the epidermis. Our results support NGO cream as a therapeutic option to control acute skin inflammation.
Project description:BackgroundWeight gain leads to reduced reward-region responsivity to energy-dense food receipt, and consumption of an energy-dense diet compared with an isocaloric, low-energy-density diet leads to reduced dopamine receptors. Furthermore, phasic dopamine signaling to palatable food receipt decreases after repeated intake of that food, which collectively suggests that frequent intake of an energy-dense food may reduce striatal response to receipt of that food.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that frequent ice cream consumption would be associated with reduced activation in reward-related brain regions (eg, striatum) in response to receipt of an ice cream-based milkshake and examined the influence of adipose tissue and the specificity of this relation.DesignHealthy-weight adolescents (n = 151) underwent fMRI during receipt of a milkshake and during receipt of a tasteless solution. Percentage body fat, reported food intake, and food craving and liking were assessed.ResultsMilkshake receipt robustly activated the striatal regions, yet frequent ice cream consumption was associated with a reduced response to milkshake receipt in these reward-related brain regions. Percentage body fat, total energy intake, percentage of energy from fat and sugar, and intake of other energy-dense foods were not related to the neural response to milkshake receipt.ConclusionsOur results provide novel evidence that frequent consumption of ice cream, independent of body fat, is related to a reduction in reward-region responsivity in humans, paralleling the tolerance observed in drug addiction. Data also imply that intake of a particular energy-dense food results in attenuated reward-region responsivity specifically to that food, which suggests that sensory aspects of eating and reward learning may drive the specificity.
