Strand-seq analysis of mouse and human cancer cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB47697 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR6810290.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR6810300.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR6810310.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR6810320.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR6810330.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The three-dimensional organization of the genome supports regulated gene expression, recombination, DNA repair, and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) has revealed a complex genomic landscape of internal chromosome structures in vertebrate cells yet how sister chromatids topologically interact in replicated chromosomes has remained elusive due to their identical sequences. Here, we present sister-chromatid-sensitive Hi-C (scsHi-C) based on nascent DNA labeling with 4-thio-thymidine. Genome-wide conformation maps of human chromosomes revealed that sister chromatid pairs interact most frequently at the boundaries of topologically associating domains (TADs). Continuous loading of a dynamic cohesin pool separates sister-chromatid pairs inside TADs and is required to focus sister chromatid contacts at TAD boundaries. We identified a subset of TADs that are overall highly paired, characterized by facultative heterochromatin, as well as insulated topological domains that form separately within individual sister chromatids. The rich pattern of sister chromatid topologies and our scsHi-C technology will make it possible to dissect how physical interactions between identical DNA molecules contribute to DNA repair, gene expression, chromosome segregation, and potentially other biological processes.
2020-06-12 | GSE152373 | GEO
Project description:Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) are a product of joint DNA molecules resolution, and are considered to require homologous recombination (HR). Canonical HR factors BRCA1, BRCA2 and RAD51 were indeed essential for SCE induction in response to irradiation-induced DNA breaks. By contrast, replication-blocking agents, including PARP inhibitors, induced SCEs independently of BRCA1, BRCA2 or RAD51. HR-independent SCEs were associated with incomplete DNA replication, as evidenced by post-replicative single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) accumulation and enrichment of PARP inhibitor-induced SCEs at common fragile sites (CFSs). Importantly, PARP-induced DNA lesions were transmitted into mitosis, pointing towards SCEs originating from mitotic processing of underreplicated DNA. We found polymerase theta to be associated to mitotic DNA lesions, to be required for SCE formation and to prevent chromosome fragmentation upon PARP inhibition in HR-defective cells. Combined, our data show that replication-blocking agents lead to underreplicated DNA in mitosis, which is processed into SCEs independently of canonical HR factors.
2023-03-11 | PXD028670 | Pride
Project description:Cohesion between sister chromatids depends on the chromosomal cohesin complex and allows the spindle apparatus in mitosis to recognize replicated chromosomes for segregation into daughter cells. Sister chromatid cohesion is established concomitant with DNA replication, and requires the essential Eco1 protein, a replication fork-associated acetyl transferase. The mechanism by which Eco1 establishes sister chromatid cohesion is not known. Here, we show that the cohesin subunit Smc3 is acetylated in an Eco1-dependent manner during S phase to establish sister chromatid cohesion. We isolated spontaneous suppressors of the thermosensitive eco1-1 allele in budding yeast, and identified the suppressor mutations from the hybridization pattern of genomic DNA on oligonucleotide tiling arrays. An acetylation mimicking mutation of a conserved lysine in Smc3 to asparagine (K113N) makes Eco1 dispensable for cell growth, indicating that Smc3 acetylation is Eco1’s only essential function. We identified a second set of eco1-1 suppressor mutations in the budding yeast ortholog of the cohesin regulator Wapl (Wpl1/Rad61). Wapl destabilizes cohesin on chromosomes, and Eco1-dependent Smc3 acetylation during S-phase might render cohesin resistant to Wapl. Our results clarify the role of Eco1 in the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion, and suggest that Eco1 modifies cohesin to stabilize an Eco1-independent cohesion establishment reaction.
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Project description:UBL5 is an atypical ubiquitin-like protein, whose function in metazoans remains largely unexplored. We show that UBL5 is required for sister chromatid cohesion maintenance in human cells. UBL5 primarily associates with spliceosomal proteins, and UBL5 depletion decreases pre-mRNA splicing efficiency, leading to globally enhanced intron retention. Defective sister chromatid cohesion is a general consequence of dysfunctional pre-mRNA splicing, resulting from the selective downregulation of the cohesion protection factor Sororin. As the UBL5 yeast orthologue, Hub1, also promotes spliceosome functions, our results show that UBL5 plays an evolutionary conserved role in pre-mRNA splicing, the integrity of which is essential for the fidelity of chromosome segregation.
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Project description:Precise double-strand break (DSB) signaling and repair is paramount for maintaining genome stability. Homologous recombination (HR) is the chosen DSB repair pathway when cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity is high, as it correlates well with the availability of an intact sister chromatid to be used as a template. However, the late stages of mitosis, anaphase and telophase, are paradoxical scenarios since high CDK levels favor HR repair despite sister chromatids being no longer aligned. To identify factors that specifically are involved in DSB repair in late mitosis, we have now undertaken a comparative proteomic analysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found that Msc1, a poorly characterized protein previously identified as important in meiotic HR, is significantly enriched upon both random and guided DSBs. We further show that the knockout mutant for MSC1 is more sensitive to DSBs in late mitosis, and that msc1Δ has a delayed repair of DBSs as indicated by increased Rad53 hyperphosphorylation, fewer Rad52 repair factories and slower HR completion. We have found that Msc1 is an NE protein that faces the NE lumen and tends to form patches in nuclear halves that contain Rad52 factories. Either depletion or overexpression of Msc1 leads to DSB-independent abnormal nuclear morphologies in late mitosis, including blebbing, compartmentalization and premature signs of karyokinesis. In this regard, one of the two Msc1 orthologs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Les1, has been shown to regulate karyokinesis. We discuss how Msc1 may protect the late NE from abnormal events during DSB repair, providing a previously unreported link between NE homeostasis and DSB repair in late mitosis.
2024-08-10 | PXD043515 | Pride
Project description:UBL5 is an atypical ubiquitin-like protein, whose function in metazoans remains largely unexplored. We show that UBL5 is required for sister chromatid cohesion maintenance in human cells. UBL5 primarily associates with spliceosomal proteins, and UBL5 depletion decreases pre-mRNA splicing efficiency, leading to globally enhanced intron retention. Defective sister chromatid cohesion is a general consequence of dysfunctional pre-mRNA splicing, resulting from the selective downregulation of the cohesion protection factor Sororin. As the UBL5 yeast orthologue, Hub1, also promotes spliceosome functions, our results show that UBL5 plays an evolutionary conserved role in pre-mRNA splicing, the integrity of which is essential for the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Total RNA was extracted from HeLa cells treated with control (CTRL), UBL5 (#57, #58, or #82), or SART1 siRNAs for 48 h and processed for RNA-Seq analysis
2014-08-05 | E-GEOD-59376 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cell lines geneticially engineered to undergo conditional asymmetric self-renewal were used to identify genes whose expression is asymmetric self-renewal associated (ASRA). Non-random sister chromatid segregation occurs concordantly with asymmetric self-renewal in these cell lines. Asymmetric self-renewal occurs when murine embryo fibroblasts that are otherwise p53-null are induced to express physiological levels of wildtype p53 protein (Asym). To distinguish p53-responsive genes that also require induction of asymmetric self renewal (i.e., ASRA genes) and/or non-random sister chromatid segregation for change, an additional control cell line, which continues to symmetrically self-renew (with random sister chromatid segregation) even when p53 is induced, was also compared (Symp53). This congenic cell line constitutively expresses the type II inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH II; the rate-limiting enzmye for guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis) and, thereby, prevents p53-induced asymmetric self-renewal and non-random sister chromatid segregation.
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Project description:The fidelity of chromosome duplication through cell divisions requires timely binding and release of the cohesin. Cohesin is a ring-shaped protein complex linking newly replicated sister chromatids to ensure their appropriate transmission through mitosis. Upon commencement of mitosis cohesin is removed from DNA in two steps: first, from chromosome arms resulting in sister chromatid resolution, and, second, from centromers leading to sister chromatid segregation. As DNA of eukaryotic chromosomes is assembled into chromatin, regulation of sister chromatid cohesion-segregation may involve chromatin modifying machinery, but this link is not well understood. Here we report that H2A-H2B histone chaperone NAP1, a factor, which is primarily implicated in chromatin assembly, is required for cohesin release from mitotic chromosome arms. NAP1 and cohesin protein complex interact directly and share multiple binding sites on chromatin. Depletion of the NAP1 hinders cohesin removal during mitosis resulting in accumulation of unresolved sister chromatids. Thus, in addition to its well established functions in chromatin dynamics, histone chaperone NAP1 coordinates cell cycle dependent cohesin release. These results reveal a novel molecular pathway for sister chromatid resolution and emphasizes a role for histone chaperones in control of eukaryotic genome replication and transmission.
2012-07-26 | GSE30938 | GEO
Project description:The mitotic cohesin complex necessary for sister chromatid cohesion and chromatin loop formation shows local and global association to chromosomes in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, by genome-wide binding analysis of the meiotic cohesin with Rec8 as a kleisin, we found that Rec8 shows dynamic localization from middle to late meiotic prophase I with cleavage-independent global dissociation along chromosomes, driven by meiotic DSB formation. Each Rec8 binding site on the chromosome axis follows distinct dynamics with dissociation and association. Centromeres also showed reduced Rec8 binding in late prophase I relative to mid-prophase I, implying chromosome remodeling of the regions. Rec8 dissociation profile per chromosome is largely correlated with meiotic DSB density. Indeed, the spo11 mutant deficient in meiotic DSB formation did not show the cleavage-independent dissociation of Rec8 in late meiotic prophase I. These suggest the presence of a regulatory pathway for global Rec8-cohesin dynamics in response to meiotic DSBs.
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Project description:The fidelity of chromosome duplication through cell divisions requires timely binding and release of the cohesin. Cohesin is a ring-shaped protein complex linking newly replicated sister chromatids to ensure their appropriate transmission through mitosis. Upon commencement of mitosis cohesin is removed from DNA in two steps: first, from chromosome arms resulting in sister chromatid resolution, and, second, from centromers leading to sister chromatid segregation. As DNA of eukaryotic chromosomes is assembled into chromatin, regulation of sister chromatid cohesion-segregation may involve chromatin modifying machinery, but this link is not well understood. Here we report that H2A-H2B histone chaperone NAP1, a factor, which is primarily implicated in chromatin assembly, is required for cohesin release from mitotic chromosome arms. NAP1 and cohesin protein complex interact directly and share multiple binding sites on chromatin. Depletion of the NAP1 hinders cohesin removal during mitosis resulting in accumulation of unresolved sister chromatids. Thus, in addition to its well established functions in chromatin dynamics, histone chaperone NAP1 coordinates cell cycle dependent cohesin release. These results reveal a novel molecular pathway for sister chromatid resolution and emphasizes a role for histone chaperones in control of eukaryotic genome replication and transmission. Genome-wide NAP1 and Cohesin ChIP-chip profiling in Drosophila S2 cells. The supplementary bed file S2_cohesin_sites.bed contains cohesin binding sites obtained by intersecting the sets of significant ChIP-chip peaks for SA (a cohesin subunit; stromalin) and SMC1.
2012-07-25 | E-GEOD-30938 | biostudies-arrayexpress