Project description:The COLOMBOS database (http://www.colombos.net) features comprehensive organism-specific cross-platform gene expression compendia of several bacterial model organisms and is supported by a fully interactive web portal and an extensive web API. COLOMBOS was originally published in PLoS One, and COLOMBOS v2.0 includes both an update of the expression data, by expanding the previously available compendia and by adding compendia for several new species, and an update of the surrounding functionality, with improved search and visualization options and novel tools for programmatic access to the database. The scope of the database has also been extended to incorporate RNA-seq data in our compendia by a dedicated analysis pipeline. We demonstrate the validity and robustness of this approach by comparing the same RNA samples measured in parallel using both microarrays and RNA-seq. As far as we know, COLOMBOS currently hosts the largest homogenized gene expression compendia available for seven bacterial model organisms.
Project description:We assess the mRNA-enrichment performance of a custom-made non-mRNA depletion protocol in comparison to a commercially available mRNA-enrichment kit (Ribo-off, Vazyme). Whereas most available kits focus only on removal of rRNA, our method also targets the transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA). tmRNA was shown to consume up to 25% of the reads in RNA-sequencing data of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our established depletion technique is based on the targeting of overly abundant RNA species (16S and23S rRNA, tmRNA) in total RNA preparations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 by hybridization with organism-specific DNA probes and subsequent degradation by RNase H treatment. While introducing no systematic bias into the gene expression profile we were able to increase the mRNA read share of the total reads in the samples treated with our mRNA-enrichment protocol to 93% - 99%. Therefore, our custom-made depletion technique outcompeted the commercially available reference kit (72% mRNA share) and represents a cost-efficient mRNA-enrichment method for high-throughput next-generation sequencing.
Project description:Suspensions of motile bacteria or synthetic microswimmers, termed active matter, manifest a remarkable propensity for self-organization, and formation of large-scale coherent structures. Most active matter research deals with almost homogeneous in space systems and little is known about the dynamics of strongly heterogeneous active matter. Here we report on experimental and theoretical studies on the expansion of highly concentrated bacterial droplets into an ambient bacteria-free fluid. The droplet is formed beneath a rapidly rotating solid macroscopic particle inserted in the suspension. We observe vigorous instability of the droplet reminiscent of a violent explosion. The phenomenon is explained in terms of continuum first-principle theory based on the swim pressure concept. Our findings provide insights into the dynamics of active matter with strong density gradients and significantly expand the scope of experimental and analytic tools for control and manipulation of active systems.
Project description:BackgroundPachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare autosomal dominant keratinizing disorder characterized by severe, painful, palmoplantar keratoderma and nail dystrophy, often accompanied by oral leucokeratosis, cysts and follicular keratosis. It is caused by mutations in one of five keratin genes: KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 or KRT17.ObjectivesTo identify mutations in 84 new families with a clinical diagnosis of PC, recruited by the International Pachyonychia Congenita Research Registry during the last few years.MethodsGenomic DNA isolated from saliva or peripheral blood leucocytes was amplified using primers specific for the PC-associated keratin genes and polymerase chain reaction products were directly sequenced.ResultsMutations were identified in 84 families in the PC-associated keratin genes, comprising 46 distinct keratin mutations. Fourteen were previously unreported mutations, bringing the total number of different keratin mutations associated with PC to 105.ConclusionsBy identifying mutations in KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 or KRT17, this study has confirmed, at the molecular level, the clinical diagnosis of PC in these families.
Project description:The eToxPred tool has been developed to predict, on one hand, the synthetic accessibility (SA) score, or how easy it is to make the molecule in the laboratory, and, on the other hand, the toxicity (Tox) score, or the probability of the molecule of being toxic to humans. The authors trained and cross-validated both predictors on a large number of datasets, and demonstrated the method usefulness in building virtual custom libraries.
Model Type: Predicitive machine learning model.
Model Relevance: Predicts Synthetic Accesibility and Toxicity score of a chemical compound
Model Encoded by: Miquel Duran-Frigola (Ersilia)
Metadata Submitted in BioModels by: Zainab Ashimiyu-Abdusalam
Implementation of this model code by Ersilia is available here:
https://github.com/ersilia-os/eos92sw
Project description:The bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) comprise a biologically diverse group of translocation systems functioning to deliver DNA or protein substrates from donor to target cells generally by a mechanism dependent on establishment of direct cell-to-cell contact. Members of one T4SS subfamily, the conjugation systems, mediate the widespread and rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence traits among bacterial pathogens. Members of a second subfamily, the effector translocators, are used by often medically-important pathogens to deliver effector proteins to eukaryotic target cells during the course of infection. Here we summarize our current understanding of the structural and functional diversity of T4SSs and of the evolutionary processes shaping this diversity. We compare mechanistic and architectural features of T4SSs from Gram-negative and -positive species. Finally, we introduce the concept of the 'minimized' T4SSs; these are systems composed of a conserved set of 5-6 subunits that are distributed among many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative species.