Project description:Chemosynthetic symbioses occur worldwide in marine habitats, but comprehensive physiological studies of chemoautotrophic bacteria thriving on animals are scarce. Stilbonematinae are coated by monocultures of thiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria. As these nematodes migrate through the redox zone, their ectosymbionts experience varying oxygen concentrations. Here, by applying omics, Raman microspectroscopy and stable isotope labeling, we investigated the effect of oxygen on the metabolism of Candidatus Thiosymbion oneisti. Unexpectedly, sulfur oxidation genes were upregulated in anoxic relative to oxic conditions, but carbon fixation genes and incorporation of 13C-labeled bicarbonate were not. Instead, several genes involved in carbon fixation, organic carbon assimilation and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis, as well as nitrogen fixation and urea utilization were upregulated in oxic conditions. Furthermore, in the presence of oxygen, stress-related genes were upregulated together with vitamin biosynthesis genes likely necessary to withstand its deleterious effects, and fewer symbionts were detected to divide. Based on this first global physiological study of an uncultured chemosynthetic ectosymbiont, we propose that, in anoxic sediment, its proliferation is powered by anaerobic sulfur oxidation coupled to denitrification, whereas in upper layers it makes use of aerobic respiration to facilitate assimilation of carbon and nitrogen, and to survive oxidative stress. The ectosymbiont’s versatile metabolism is thus well-adapted to exploiting a highly changeable environment.

2020-04-30 | GSE146081 | GEO

Sulfur and methane oxidation by a single bacterium

Project description:Natural and anthropogenic wetlands are main sources of the atmospheric greenhouse gas methane. Methane emissions from wetlands are mitigated by methanotrophic microorganisms and by processes at the oxic-anoxic interface, such as sulfur cycling, that reduce the activity of methanogens. In this study, we obtained a pure culture (strain HY1) of a versatile wetland methanotroph that oxidizes various organic and inorganic compounds. This strain represents (i) the first isolate that can aerobically oxidize both methane and reduced sulfur compounds and (ii) a new alphapoteobacterial species, named Candidatus Methylovirgula thiovorans. Genomic and proteomic analyses showed that soluble methane monooxygenase and XoxF-type alcohol dehydrogenases are the only enzymes for methane and methanol oxidation, respectively. Unexpectedly, strain HY1 harbors various pathways for respiratory sulfur oxidation and oxidized reduced sulfur compounds to sulfate using the Sox-rDsr pathway (without SoxCD) and the S4I system. It employed the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle for CO2 fixation during chemolithoautotrophic growth on the reduced sulfur compounds. Methane and thiosulfate were independently and simultaneously oxidized by strain HY1 for growth. Proteomic and microrespiratory analyses showed that the metabolic pathways for methane and thiosulfate oxidation were induced in the presence of their substrates. The discovery of this versatile methanotroph demonstrates that methanotrophy and thiotrophy is compatible in a single bacterium and adds a new aspect to interactions of methane and sulfur cycles in oxic-anoxic interface environments.

2022-07-11 | PXD025979 | Pride

Excessive sulfur oxidation in endoplasmic reticulum drives an inflammatory reaction of chondrocytes in aging mice

Project description:Excessive sulfur oxidation in endoplasmic reticulum drives an inflammatory reaction of chondrocytes in aging mice

2022-10-12 | PXD037302 |

Anaerobic Oxidation of Benzene by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ferroglobus placidus

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE28549: Anaerobic Oxidation of Benzene by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ferroglobus placidus (Phenol vs. Benzoate) GSE30798: Anaerobic Oxidation of Benzene by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ferroglobus placidus (Benzene vs. Acetate) GSE30799: Anaerobic Oxidation of Benzene by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ferroglobus placidus (Benzene vs. Phenol) GSE30801: Anaerobic Oxidation of Benzene by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ferroglobus placidus (Benzene vs. Benzoate) Refer to individual Series

2011-07-19 | E-GEOD-30796 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Anaerobic sulfur oxidation underlies adaptation of a chemosynthetic symbiont to oxic-anoxic interfaces

Project description:Anaerobic sulfur oxidation underlies adaptation of a chemosynthetic symbiont to oxic-anoxic interfaces

| PRJNA609171 | ENA

Project description:Field experiment data

| PRJNA1172552 | ENA

Obesity and fatty acid oxidation

Project description:It has been found that fat oxidation is reduced in the skeletal muscle of obese humans. This study aims to identify the mRNA of proteins involved in fat oxidation that may be reduced in obese and morbidly obese individuals. Information gathered will help in understanding how obesity contributes to cardiovascular disease via insulin resistance. Keywords: other

2003-07-16 | GSE474 | GEO

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