Project description:The purpose of this study was to examine the role of MAVS, ZBP1 and RIPK3 in the phenotype that develops when ADAR1 activity is impaired, in particular when the Za domain of ADAR1 is mutated. Mice homozygous for a Za domain-mutant allele of Adar1 (Adar1mZa/mZa mice) and mice carrying one mZa and one null Adar1 allele (Adar1-/mZa mice) were compared with control mice that were either wild type or heterozygous for the Adar1 mZa allele (Adar1wt/mZa mice). The effects of MAVS deficiency, RIPK3 deficiency, ZBP1 deficiency or ZBP1 Za domain mutations were assessed by analysing compound mutant mice. Given the early postnatal lethal phenotype that develops in Adar1-/mZa mice, comparisons were made in RNA isolated from lung tissue from newborn mice of each genotype (5 mice per genotype). As Adar1-/mZa mice additionally lacking Mavs or Zbp1 are viable, adult mice (15-20 weeks of age) were also used for several compound mutations as donors of lung tissue.
Project description:The purpose of this study was to examine the role of MAVS and ZBP1 in the phenotype that develops when ADAR1 activity is missing, in particular when the Za domain of ADAR1 is mutated. Mice homozygous for a Za domain-mutant allele of Adar1 (Adar1mZa/mZa mice) were compared with control mice carrying one mZa allele and one wild type allele of Adar1 (Adar1wt/mZa mice) and with mice carrying one mZa and one null Adar1 allele (Adar1-/mZa mice). Adar1-/mZa mice were also compared with mice additionally deficient in ZBP1 (Adar1-/mZa Zbp1-/- mice) or MAVS (Adar1-/mZa Mavs-/- mice). Given the early postnatal lethal phenotype that develops in Adar1-/mZa mice, comparisons were made in RNA isolated from brain tissue from newborn mice of each genotype (4 mice per genotype).
Project description:Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) (also known as ADAR1) promotes A-to-I conversion in double-stranded and highly structured RNAs. ADAR1 has two isoforms transcribed from different promoters: ADAR1p150, which is mainly cytoplasmic and interferon-inducible, and constitutively expressed ADAR1p110 that is primarily localized in the nucleus. Mutations in ADAR1 cause Aicardi – Goutières syndrome (AGS), a severe autoinflammatory disease in humans associated with aberrant IFN production. In mice, deletion of ADAR1 or selective knockout of the p150 isoform alone leads to embryonic lethality driven by overexpression of interferon-stimulated genes. This phenotype can be rescued by concurrent deletion of cytoplasmic dsRNA-sensor MDA5. These findings indicate that the interferon-inducible p150 isoform is indispensable and cannot be rescued by the ADAR1p110 isoform. Nevertheless, editing sites uniquely targeted by ADAR1p150 but also mechanisms of isoform- specificity remain elusive. To examine in vivo interaction between ADAR1-isoforms and its substrates, we performed RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (RIP-seq) in HEK293 cells. RIP-seq experiment was done with overexpressed flag-tagged ADAR1 isoforms.
Project description:ADAR1 mediated A-to-I RNA editing is a self/non-self discrimination mechanism for cellular double stranded RNAs. ADAR mutations are one cause of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome, an inherited paediatric encephalopathy, classed as a “Type I interferonopathy”. The most common ADAR1 mutation is a proline 193 alanine (p.P193A) mutation, mapping to the ADAR1p150 isoform specific Za domain. We report the development of an independent murine P195A knock-in mouse, homologous to the human P193A mutation. The Adar1P195A/P195A mice are largely normal and the mutation is well tolerated. Contrasting with previous reports when the P195A mutation was compounded with an ADAR1 null allele (Adar1P195A/-), we find a partially penetrant phenotype, with approximately half the animals being runted with a shortened lifespan and the remaining animals normal. Severe runting and shortened survival of Adar1P195A/- animals were partly associated with the parental genotype. The P195A mutation is well tolerated in vivo and the loss of MDA5 is sufficient to completely rescue phenotypes in the Adar1P195A/- mice.
Project description:Genome-wide positions of Z-DNA are mapped. ChIP was performed against transiently expressing Flag-Za or Flag-Zaa using Flag antibody in HeLa cells. Za and Zaa ChIP DNA and fragmented genomic DNA were used for sequencing library construction. Each library was sequenced on Illumina GAIIx and HiSeq 2500 and sequenced reads were mapped and normalized.