Biochar amendment stimulates nitrous oxide emission from tobacco-planting soil by regulating the microbial community composition
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PROVIDER: PRJEB54042 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Plant-derived carbon (C) is considered fundamental to understand the interaction between rhizosphere microbes and plants in terrestrial ecosystems. Biochar soil amendment may enhance plant performance via changing soil properties or microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. However, our knowledge of how plant-microbiome associations respond to biochar amendment remains rather limited. Herein, 13CO2 steady-state labeling combined with DNA stable-isotope probing was used to characterize soil bacterial communities in the rhizosphere contributing to the utilization of plant-derived C. The diversity of bacteria active in the utilization of root exudates was determined after biochar amendment in a legume-based intercropping system (Vicia faba L., with Zea mays L.). The results showed the biochar application not only changed the bacterial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere, but also altered bacterial members actively assimilating plant-derived C. There were more labeled species in the biochar-amended soils than the control soils. Compared with the control, the biochar amendment increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes members (i.e., Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporomusa, Desulfosporosinus, and Alicyclobacillus) while decreasing the abundances of Proteobacteria members (e.g., Methylobacterium and Sphingomonas) utilizing plant-derived C. In contrast, slow-growing species of the phyla Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Gemmatimonadetes were barely labeled. The bacteria found stimulated by the biochar amendment are known for their ability to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, or reduce iron and sulfur, which may potentially contribute to the "biochar effect" in the rhizosphere. This study is the first to provide empirical evidence that biochar amendment can alter the soil bacterial community assimilating plant-derived C; this may have consequences for nutrient cycling and improving plant performance in intercropping systems.
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Project description:Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major cereal crops worldwide. Increasing planting density is an effective way to improve crop yield. However, plants grown under high-density conditions compete for water, nutrients, and light, which often leads to changes in productivity. To date, few studies have determined the transcriptomic differences in maize leaves in response to different planting densities. This study examined the whole-genome expression patterns in the leaves of maize planted under high and low densities to identify density-regulated genes. Leaves at upper, ear, and lower stem nodes were collected at the grain-filling stage of the maize hybrid Xianyu335 grown under low-density planting and high-density planting. In total, 72, 733, and 1,739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the respective upper, ear, and lower leaves under HDP. Upregulated and downregulated DEGs in the upper and lower leaves were similar in number, whereas upregulated DEGs in the ear leaves were significantly higher in number than the downregulated DEGs. Functional analysis indicated that genes responding to HDP-related stresses were mediated by pathways involving four phytohormones responsible for metabolism and signaling, osmoprotectant biosynthesis, transcription factors, and fatty acid biosynthesis and protein kinases, which suggested that these pathways are affected by the adaptive responses mechanisms underlying the physiological and biochemical responses of the leaves of maize planted at high density.
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Project description:Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) increase contributes substantially to global climate change due to its large global warming potential. Soil N2O emissions have been widely studied, but plants have so far been ignored, even though they are known as an important source of N2O. The specific objectives of this study are to (1) reveal the effects of nitrogen and biochar addition on plant functional traits and N2O emission of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings; (2) find out the possible leaf traits affecting plant N2O emissions. The effects of nitrogen and biochar on plant functional traits and N2O emissions from plants using C. camphora seedlings were investigated. Plant N2O emissions, growth, each organ biomass, each organ nutrient allocation, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of C. camphora seedlings were measured. Further investigation of the relationships between plant N2O emission and leaf traits was performed by simple linear regression analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and structural equation model (SEM). It was found that nitrogen addition profoundly increased cumulative plant N2O emissions (+109.25%), which contributed substantially to the atmosphere's N2O budget in forest ecosystems. Plant N2O emissions had a strong correlation to leaf traits (leaf TN, P n , G s , C i , Tr, WUE L , α, ETR max, I k , Fv/Fm, Y(II), and SPAD). Structural equation modelling revealed that leaf TN, leaf TP, P n , C i , Tr, WUE L , α, ETR max, and I k were key traits regulating the effects of plants on N2O emissions. These results provide a direction for understanding the mechanism of N2O emission from plants and provide a theoretical basis for formulating corresponding emission reduction schemes.
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