Project description:Study on selective vulnerability of certain brain regions to oxidative stress. Here we selected 4 brain regions (hippocampal CA1 and CA3, cerebral cortex, and cerebellar granular layer) to study this phenomenon. Keywords: Comparative analysis of different regions of the brain.
Project description:The purpose of this study is to determine whether AGuIX (Activation and Guidance of Irradiation by X-ray) gadolinium-based nanoparticles make radiation work more effectively in the treatment of patients with brain metastases that are more difficult to control with stereotactic radiation alone.
Project description:This study assesses the feasibility of SGM-101, a fluorochrome-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody, for intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence imaging of colorectal brain metastases by injecting SGM-101 intravenously 3 - 5 days prior to surgery.
Project description:The characteristics of immune cells infiltrating pediatric brain tumors is largely unexplored. A better understanding of these characteristics will provide a foundation for development of immunotherapy for pediatric brain tumors. Gene expression profiles were used to identify immune marker gene that are differentially expressed between various brain tumor types. Gene expression profiles were generated from surgical tumor and normal brain samples (n=130) using Affymetrix HG-U133plus2 chips (Platform GPL570). Gene expression profiles of different types of brain tumors and normal brain were filtered to obtain gene expression of key immune cell markers. Comparative analyses between different brain tumors and normal brain was used to identifiy differential immune characteristics of these tumors.
Project description:Brain metastases are the most common intracranial malignancy occurring in 20-40% of all cancers, and the presence of CNS metastases is associated with a poor prognosis. As such, the median overall survival of patients with symptomatic brain lesions is a dismal 2-3 months regardless of tumor type. Because standard chemotherapy largely does not cross the blood brain barrier at a meaningful concentration, standard treatment is limited and usually involves surgical resection and/or stereotactic radiosurgery for isolated lesions and whole brain radiation for multiple lesions. Unfortunately, the median overall survival is only improved by about 6 months with this multimodality approach2, and there is a paucity of second-line therapies to treat recurrence. Furthermore, re-resection and re-radiation are often not feasible options due to concern for increasing complications or neurotoxicity, respectively. Thus, there is a dire clinical need for additional treatment options for this patient population.
Checkpoint blockade therapy, in particular PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibition, has recently shown clinical efficacy in multiple types of solid tumors. The investigators propose to study the efficacy of checkpoint blockade therapy in patients with solid tumors and refractory/recurrent brain metastases. The investigators will assess the efficacy of MEDI4736, a novel PD-L1 inhibitory monoclonal antibody, in this study.
Project description:The aim of this study is to prospectively determine the incidence of brain metastases in metastatic colorectal cancer patients using systematic annual screening by MRI.
