The hazard of carbapenemase (OXA 181) producing E. coli
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ABSTRACT: The hazard of carbapenemase (OXA-181)-producing E. coli spreading in pig and veal calf holdings in Italy in the genomics era: risk of spill over and spill back between humans and animals
Project description:The hazard of carbapenemase (OXA-181)-producing E. coli spreading in pig and veal calf holdings in Italy in the genomics era: risk of spill over and spill back between humans and animals
Project description:We detected for the first time blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181 in Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized patients and healthy volunteers in Chad. These resistance genes were located on IncX3 and IncF plasmids. Despite the large diversity of E. coli clones, the identified resistant intestinal isolates belonged mainly to the same sequence type.
Project description:The gene encoding the carbapenemase OXA-181 (an OXA-48 variant) was identified from a Citrobacter freundii isolate coproducing NDM-1. The whole sequence of plasmid pT-OXA-181 bearing the blaOXA-181 gene was determined and revealed a 84-kb mobilizable but non-self-conjugative IncT-type plasmid. It totally differs from the 7.6-kb ColE-type and blaOXA-181-bearing plasmid recently identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. However, in both plasmids, insertion sequence ISEcp1 might have played a role in acquisition of the blaOXA-181 gene.
Project description:BackgroundThe emergence and worldwide spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern to public health services. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in fresh vegetables and spices imported from Asia to Switzerland.FindingsTwenty-two different fresh vegetable samples were purchased in March 2015 from different retail shops specializing in Asian food. The vegetables included basil leaves, bergamont leaves, coriander, curry leaves, eggplant and okra (marrow). Samples had been imported from Thailand, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and India. After an initial enrichment-step, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from two carbapenem-containing selective media (SUPERCARBA II and Brilliance CRE Agar). Isolates were screened by PCR for the presence of bla KPC, bla NDM, bla OXA-48-like and bla VIM. An OXA-181-producing Klebsiella variicola was isolated in a coriander sample with origin Thailand/Vietnam. The bla OXA-181 gene was encoded in a 14'027 bp region flanked by two IS26-like elements on a 51-kb IncX3-type plasmid.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the international production and trade of fresh vegetables constitute a possible route for the spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The presence of carbapenemase-producing organisms in the food supply is alarming and an important food safety issue.
Project description:AimLocated in the Southwest Indian Ocean area (SIOA), the two French overseas territories (FOTs) of Reunion and Mayotte islands are heavily impacted by antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate all cases of NDM-5 and OXA-181 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (CPEc) in these two FOTs between 2015 and 2020, to better understand the regional spread of these last-line treatment resistant bacteria.MethodsAll E. coli isolates not susceptible to ertapenem from various public and private hospitals on Reunion and Mayotte islands were screened for carbapenemase production. Clinical and microbiological data were collected for each case. Genotypic analysis of the isolates was carried out using WGS to determine the clonality relationship between the isolates and the genetic support of the carbapenemase-encoding genes.ResultsA total of 92 isolates of NDM-5 (n = 67) and OXA-181 (n = 25) CPEc was collected from Reunion (n = 55) and Mayotte (n = 37) islands. Whole-genome sequencing identified 4 majors STs (ST58, ST167, ST405 and ST410). Genotypic analysis demonstrated numerous intra-ST possible cross transmission events, including strains isolated in both islands. Finally, all isolates (100%) carried the blaNDM-5 or blaOXA-181 genes on plasmids (IncF2, IncX3), most of which were conserved and identified in various STs.ConclusionWe highlighted the dual dissemination of successful plasmids and the worrying circulation of high-risk clones via patients transfer between these two FOTs. It is therefore essential to effectively screen these patients for CPEc carriage on admission and to take these plasmids into account when investigating intra- or inter-hospital CPEc outbreaks.
Project description:The intestinal epithelium is a key physical interface that integrates dietary and microbial signals to regulate nutrient uptake and mucosal homeostasis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have a high turnover rate driven by the death of terminally differentiated cells with concurrent stem cell proliferation, a process critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and protecting against mucosal inflammation. The transcriptional programs that regulate IEC quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation have been well-characterized. However, how gene expression networks critical for IEC functions are regulated at the post-transcriptional level during homeostasis or inflammatory disease remains poorly understood. Herein, we show that a conserved family of microRNAs, miR-181, is significantly downregulated in IECs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and mice with chemical-induced colitis. Strikingly, we showed that miR-181 expression within IECs, but not the hematopoietic system, is required for protection against the development of severe colonic inflammation in response to epithelial injury in mice. Mechanistically, we showed that miR-181 expression increases the proliferative capacity of IECs, likely through the regulation of Wnt signaling, independently of gut microbiota composition. As epithelial reconstitution is crucial for restoring intestinal homeostasis after injury, the miR-181 family represents a potential novel therapeutic target in IECs for protection against severe intestinal inflammation.