Project description:Landfill leachate water is often treated in a biological processing step. In most cases a stable operation of the industrial scale plants is controlled by sum parameters such as process relevant ion concentrations, dry matter concentration and dissolved oxygen concentration. A deeper understanding of the current status of the individual cell or the biocoenosis would help to understand malfunctions or the reason for inefficient plant performance. In a simple batch experimental setup, samples of two different conditions have been generated to unravel bacterial proteome changes in response to medium term lack of oxygen supply and landfill leachate addition. The first condition was an activated sludge sample condition from an industrial scale landfill leachate treatment plant with the process stages of nitrification and denitrification. After 45 days without aeration and with addition of leachate and carbon sources as fed batch, the second sample (condition 2) was taken. A comprehensive LC-MS/MS based protemic screen was performed aiming for the identification and quantification of waste water specific bacteria proteomes. To this end, a novel combination of two protein extraction methods has been established meeting the requirements for LC-MS/MS anaylsis. Around 600 proteins were identified of which 90 % were quantified in at least 3 replicates. Numerous essential proteins to maintain the cell redox homeostasis are overexpressed in the condition 1 which was aerated with oxygen and stressed by the ultrafiltration compared to condition 2, which was not aerated in a lab experiment. In addition, heat and cold shock proteins and two proteins related to the apoptosis of organisms (spermidine/putrescine transport system and apoptosis-inducing factor) were identified.
Project description:Phosphorus is an essential constituent of all living organisms but it is non-renewable and its natural reserves are fast depleting. Phosphorus discharged in wastewater could be sustainably reused by microalgae. Knowledge about cellular phosphorus dynamics in microalgae has been rapidly advancing and luxury phosphorus (poly-P) uptake phenomenon by microalgae is becoming the focus point for many research studies. Ultra-membrane treated landfill leachate was used as a nutrient medium for the growth of indigenous microalgal species with simultaneous removal of phosphorus (P-PO4 -3) and nitrogen (N-NH4 + and N-NO3). Different concentrations of phosphorus (15-100?mg. L-1 P-PO4 -3) was added to leachate. Highest nitrogen removal (69.03% N-NH4 +) was observed for 100?mg. L-1 P-PO4 -3 supplemented medium. P removal efficiency was 100% for all the tested P-PO4 -3 concentrations. Intracellular poly-P was detected by florescence microscopy. Microalgae can be grown and utilized for the sustainable recovery of P and N from landfill leachate.
Project description:A new process consisting of a landfill bioreactor, partial-nitritation (PN) and the anammox process has been developed for landfill leachate treatment. In this study, the landfill bioreactor exhibited excellent performance in methane-rich biogas recovery, with a specific biogas yield of 0.47?L gas g(-1) COD and methane percentages of 53-76%. PN was achieved in the aerobic reactor by high free ammonia (101?±?83?mg NH3 L(-1)) inhibition for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and the desired PN effluent composition (effluent nitrite: ammonium ratio of 1.1?±?0.3) was controlled by adjusting the alkalinity concentration per unit of ammonium oxidized to approximately 14.3?mg CaCO3 mg(-1) N in the influent. The startup of anammox process was successfully achieved with a membrane bioreactor in 160?d, and a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 216?mg N L(-1) d(-1) was attained for real landfill leachate treatment. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that the cell-specific anammox activity was approximately 68-95?fmol N cell(-1) d(-1), which finally led to the stable operation of the system.
Project description:We introduce FluoroMatch, which automates file conversion, chromatographic peak picking, blank feature filtering, PFAS annotation based on precursor and fragment masses, and annotation ranking. The software library currently contains about 7000 PFAS fragmentation patterns based on rules derived from standards and literature, and the software automates a process for users to add additional compounds. The use of intelligent data-acquisition methods (iterative exclusion) nearly doubled the number of annotations. The software application is demonstrated by characterizing PFAS in landfill leachate as well as in leachate foam generated to concentrate the compounds for remediation purposes. FluoroMatch had wide coverage, returning 27 PFAS annotations for landfill leachate samples, explaining 71% of the all-ion fragmentation (CF2)n related fragments. By improving the throughput and coverage of PFAS annotation, FluoroMatch will accelerate the discovery of PFAS posing significant human risk.