Clearing the unknown from Fevers of Unknown Origin: a laboratory-based observational study in patients with suspected Ebola, Guinea, 2014
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PROVIDER: PRJEB60081 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Background: The 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak heavily impacted the Republics of Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The outbreak uncovered the weaknesses of the public health systems, including inadequately trained and insufficient health personnel as well as limited and poorly equipped health infrastructures. These weaknesses represent significant threats to global health security. In the wake of the outbreak, affected countries made urgent requests for international engagement to help strengthening the public health systems. Methods: This work describes the successful multi-year implementation of a laboratory capacity building program in the Republic of Guinea. The program integrated biorisk and quality management systems training, infectious diseases diagnostic training, facility engineering and maintenance training, and mentorship to strengthen Guinea's bio-surveillance capacity. Results: The major outcome of these efforts was an established and local staff-operated public health laboratory that performs disease surveillance and reporting and diagnostic of priority diseases and pathogens of security concerns. Conclusions: This work has improved the Guinea country's capabilities to address country public health issues and preparedness to respond to future infectious disease threats.
| S-EPMC8220810 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAn epidemic of Ebola virus disease of unprecedented size continues in parts of west Africa. For the first time, large urban centres such as Conakry, the capital of Guinea, are affected. We did an observational study of patients with Ebola virus disease in three regions of Guinea, including Conakry, aiming to map the routes of transmission and assess the effect of interventions.MethodsBetween Feb 10, 2014, and Aug 25, 2014, we obtained data from the linelist of all confirmed and probable cases in Guinea (as of Sept 16, 2014), a laboratory database of information about patients, and interviews with patients and their families and neighbours. With this information, we mapped chains of transmission, identified which setting infections most probably originated from (community, hospitals, or funerals), and computed the context-specific and overall reproduction numbers.FindingsOf 193 confirmed and probable cases of Ebola virus disease reported in Conakry, Boffa, and Télimélé, 152 (79%) were positioned in chains of transmission. Health-care workers contributed little to transmission. In March, 2014, individuals with Ebola virus disease who were not health-care workers infected a mean of 2·3 people (95% CI 1·6-3·2): 1·4 (0·9-2·2) in the community, 0·4 (0·1-0·9) in hospitals, and 0·5 (0·2-1·0) at funerals. After the implementation of infection control in April, the reproduction number in hospitals and at funerals reduced to lower than 0·1. In the community, the reproduction number dropped by 50% for patients that were admitted to hospital, but remained unchanged for those that were not. In March, hospital transmissions constituted 35% (seven of 20) of all transmissions and funeral transmissions constituted 15% (three); but from April to the end of the study period, they constituted only 9% (11 of 128) and 4% (five), respectively. 82% (119 of 145) of transmission occurred in the community and 72% (105) between family members. Our simulations show that a 10% increase in hospital admissions could have reduced the length of chains by 26% (95% CI 4-45).InterpretationIn Conakry, interventions had the potential to stop the epidemic, but reintroductions of the disease and poor cooperation of a few families led to prolonged low-level spread, showing the challenges of Ebola virus disease control in large urban centres. Monitoring of chains of transmission is crucial to assess and optimise local control strategies for Ebola virus disease.FundingLabex IBEID, Reacting, PREDEMICS, NIGMS MIDAS initiative, Institut Pasteur de Dakar.
| S-EPMC4373532 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Treatment comparison of Guinea grass planted at University of Sao Paulo Brazil 4 Ambient temp and CO2 plots, 4 elevated CO2 (600 ppm) plots, 4 elevated Temp plots (+2C),4 elevated CO2 and Temp plots. Untargeted metabolomics(GC-MS),de novo transcriptomics, and RNAseq taken at 30(A)(2014-05-22) and 50(B)(2014-07-14)days post treatment exposure. Dried leaf material sent to Uni Illinois-UC. GC-MS protocol followed as stated in Ulanov et al. (2010) J of Plant Phys.
2018-10-09 | ST001071 | MetabolomicsWorkbench
Project description:In October 2015, a new case of Ebola virus disease in Guinea was detected. Case investigation, serology, and whole-genome sequencing indicated possible transmission of the virus from an Ebola virus disease survivor to another person and then to the case-patient reported here. This transmission chain over 11 months suggests slow Ebola virus evolution.
| S-EPMC5189159 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe 2014-2016 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa was the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in history. Clarifying the influence of other prevalent diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) will help improve treatment and supportive care of patients with EVD.Case presentationWe examined HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody prevalence among suspected EVD cases from the Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory during the epidemic in Sierra Leone. HIV and HCV antibodies were tested in 678 EVD-negative samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A high HIV prevalence (17.6%) and low HCV prevalence (0.22%) were observed among the suspected cases. Notably, we found decreased HIV positive rates among the suspected cases over the course of the epidemic. This suggests a potentially beneficial effect of an improved public health system after assistance from the World Health Organization and other international aid organizations.ConclusionsThis EVD epidemic had a considerable impact on the public health system and influenced the prevalence of HIV found among suspected cases in Sierra Leone, but also provided an opportunity to establish a better surveillance network for infectious diseases.
| S-EPMC6398227 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RNA-seq gene expression analysis of guinea pig and mouse skin after tick bites
2023-04-20 | GSE148967 | GEO
Project description:Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious health challenge affecting millions worldwide, and research advances are restricted by the limited availability of preclinical models recapitulating the complex disease etiology and hepatic histopathology. Uniquely, the diet induced guinea pig model develops NASH with fibrosis resembling human histopathology however, no data is available depicting the guinea pig NASH transcriptome. We provide the first high throughput sequencing results on guinea pig NASH with advanced fibrosis. Transcriptomic profiles in guinea pig NASH clearly separated from controls, and pathways involved in fibrosis, inflammation and lipid metabolism were all highly regulated.
2021-10-06 | GSE158168 | GEO