14th century Yersinia pestis genomes support the emergence of pestis secunda within Europe
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB61096 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The source of the Black Death in 14th-century central Eurasia
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Project description:New ancient Eastern European Yersinia pestis genomes illuminate the dispersal of plague in Europe
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Project description:Yunnan Province, China is thought to be the original source of biovar Orientalis of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the third plague pandemic that has spread globally since the end of the 19th century. Although encompassing a large area of natural plague foci, Y. pestis strains have rarely been found in live rodents during surveillance in Yunnan, and most isolates are from rodent corpses and their fleas. In 2017, 10 Y. pestis strains were isolated from seven live rodents and three fleas in Heqing County (HQ) of Yunnan. These strains were supposed to have low virulence to local rodents Eothenomys miletus and Apodemus chevrieri because the rodents were healthy and no dead animals were found in surrounding areas, as had occurred in previous epizootic disease. We performed microscopic and biochemical examinations of the isolates,and compared their whole-genome sequences and transcriptome with those of 10 high virulence Y. pestis strains that were isolated from the adjacent city (Lijiang). We analyzed the phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic characteristics of live rodent isolates. The isolates formed a previously undefined monophyletic branch of Y. pestis that was named 1.IN5. Six SNPs, two indels, and one copy number variation were detected between live rodent isolates and the high virulence neighbors. No obvious functional consequence of these variations was found according to the known annotation information. Among the genes that were differentially expressed between the live rodent isolates and their high virulence neighbors, we detected five iron transfer-related genes that were significantly up-regulated in live rodent isolates compared with high virulence isolates (|log2 (FC) | >1, p.adjust <0.05), indicating these genes may be related to the low-virulence phenotype. The novel genotype of Y. pestis reported here provides further insights into the evolution and spread of plague as well as clues that may help to decipher the virulence mechanism of this notorious pathogen.
2021-04-20 | GSE161888 | GEO
Project description:Arctic Century soil microbial diversity
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Project description:Although pneumonic plague is the deadliest manifestation of disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, there is surprisingly little information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for Y. pestis-triggered pathology in the lung. Therefore, to understand the progression of this unique disease, we developed an intranasal mouse model of primary pneumonic plague. Mice succumbed to a purulent multifocal severe exudative bronchopneumonia that closely resembles the disease observed in humans. In order to assess the adaptation of Y. pestis to a mammalian environment, we employed DNA microarray technology to analyze the transcriptional responses of the bacteria during interaction with the mouse lung as compared to bacteria cultured in vitro. Keywords: Infectious expression analysis
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Project description:The response of the nematode C. elegans to Y. pestis infection was evaluated by gene expression profiling. A synchronized population of nematodes were exposed to Y. pestis KIM5 for 24h. Transcript levels from Y. pestis-treated animals were compared with animals maintained on relatively nonpathogenic E. coli OP50 for 24h.
2010-02-05 | GSE20053 | GEO
Project description:The etiologic agent of bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis, senses cell density-dependent chemical signals to synchronize transcription between cells of the population in a process named quorum sensing. Though the closely related enteric pathogen Y. pseudotuberculosis uses quorum sensing system to regulate motility, the role of YpeIR quorum sensing in Y. pestis has been unclear. YpeIR is one of the AHL quorum sensing system in Y. pestis. In this study we performed transcriptional profiling experiments to identify Y. pestis YpeIR quorum sensing regulated functions at 37°C.
2016-01-01 | GSE30341 | GEO
Project description:Braun/murein lipoprotein (Lpp) is one of the major outer membrane components of gram-negative bacteria belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family that that is involved in inflammatory responses and septic shock. We previously characterized a delta-lpp isogenic mutant of Yersinia pestis CO92 and found that this mutant was defective in surviving in macrophages and was attenuated in a mouse inhalation model of plague when compared to the highly virulent wild-type (WT) bacterium. To better understand how deletion of the lpp gene might affect Yersinia virulence, we performed global transcriptional profiling of the genes in the WT Y. pestis CO92 and its delta-lpp mutant by using microarrays. The organisms were cultured at both 26 and 37 degrees Celsius to simulate the flea vector and mammalian host environments, respectively. Our data revealed vastly different effects of lpp mutation on the transcriptomes of Y. pestis grown at 37 versus 26°C. While the absence of Lpp resulted mainly in the down-regulation of metabolic genes at 26°C, the Y. pestis CO92 lpp mutant cultured at 37°C exhibited profound alterations in stress response and virulence genes, compared to the WT bacterium. We further investigated one of the stress-related genes (htrA) down-regulated in the lpp mutant relative to WT Y. pestis, as HtrA was previously shown to be important for intracellular survival of Y. enterocolitica in macrophages. Indeed, complementation of the delta-lpp mutant with the htrA gene in trans restored intracellular survival of the Y. pestis lpp mutant. Our results support a role for Lpp in Y. pestis CO92 adapatation to the host environment, possibly via transcriptional activation of htrA.
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