Project description:Low aerobic exercise capacity is a risk factor for diabetes and strong predictor of mortality; yet some individuals are exercise resistant, and unable to improve exercise capacity through exercise training. To test the hypothesis that resistance to aerobic exercise training underlies metabolic disease-risk, we used selective breeding for 15 generation to develop rat models of low- and high-aerobic response to training. Before exercise training, rats selected as low- and high-responders had similar exercise capacities. However, after 8-wks of treadmill training low-responders failed to improve their exercise capacity, while high-responders improved by 54%. Remarkably, low-responders to aerobic training exhibited pronounced metabolic dysfunction characterized by insulin resistance and increased adiposity, demonstrating that the exercise resistant phenotype segregates with disease risk. Low-responders had impaired exercise-induced angiogenes0is in muscle; however, mitochondrial capacity was intact and increased normally with exercise training, demonstrating that mitochondria are not limiting for aerobic adaptation or responsible for metabolic dysfunction in low-responders. Low-responders had increased stress/inflammatory signaling and altered TGFβ signaling, characterized by hyperphosphorylation of a novel exercise-regulated phosphorylation site on SMAD2. Using this powerful biological model system we have discovered key pathways for low exercise training response that may represent novel targets for the treatment of metabolic disease.

2014-05-23 | GSE57880 | GEO

Interferons and epigenetic mechanisms in training, priming and tolerance of monocytes and hematopoietic progenitors [ATAC-seq]

Project description:Training and priming of innate immune cells involve preconditioning by PAMPs, DAMPs and/or cytokines that elicits stronger induction of inflammatory genes upon secondary challenge. Previous models distinguish training and priming based upon whether immune activation returns to baseline prior to secondary challenge. Tolerance is a protective mechanism whereby potent stimuli induce refractoriness to secondary challenge. Training and priming are important for innate memory responses that protect against infection, efficacy of vaccines, and maintaining innate immune cells in a state of readiness; tolerance prevents toxicity from excessive immune activation. Dysregulation of these processes can contribute to pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory conditions, post-COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states, or sepsis- associated immunoparalysis. Training, priming and tolerance regulate similar ‘signature’ inflammatory genes such as TNF, IL6 and IL1B and utilize overlapping epigenetic mechanisms. We review how interferons (IFNs), best known for activating Jak-STAT signaling and interferon- stimulated genes, also play a key role regulating training, priming and tolerance via chromatin- mediated mechanisms. We present new data on how monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation modulates IFN-g-mediated priming, changes AP-1 and CEBP activity, and attenuates superinduction of inflammatory genes. We present a ‘training-priming continuum’ model that integrates IFN-mediated priming into current concepts about training and tolerance and proposes a central role for STAT1 and IRF1.

2024-05-22 | GSE262912 | GEO

Acinetobacter pittii, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus

Project description:Benchmarking for Oxford Nanopore Technologies R10.4.1 flowcell

| PRJNA980403 | ENA

Time training

Project description:Bees were trained to visit food sources at different times of day. By collecting bees just before the training times, we were able to analyze the genes that are associated with the time of day, the time of training, the activity state, or genes associated with unique spatiotemporal memories

2011-07-01 | E-MTAB-489 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Molecular responses in skeletal muscles following spinal cord injury and the effect of locomotor training

Project description:Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most disabling health problems facing adults today. Locomotor training has been shown to induce substantial recovery in muscle size and muscle function in both transected and contusion injury animal models of SCI. The overall objective of this study is to implement genome wide expression profiling of skeletal muscle to define the molecular pathways associated with muscle remodeling after SCI and during locomotor training (TM). We profiled rat soleus of total 36 samples including controls; 3, 8 and 14 days after SCI; 8 and 14 days after SCI with locomotor treadmill training (TM).

2015-06-30 | E-GEOD-45550 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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