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AMR transmission: in vitro experiments with E. coli isolates

ABSTRACT: The dual impact of bacterial transmission on antimicrobial resistance frequency: linking mathematical models to laboratory experiments

PROVIDER: PRJEB71035 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR12406844_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR12406844_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR12406845_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR12406845_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR12406846_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Repurposing the orphan drug nitisinone to control the transmission of African trypanosomiasis

Project description:Tsetse transmit African trypanosomiasis, which is a disease fatal to both humans and animals. A vaccine to protect against this disease does not exist so transmission control relies on eliminating tsetse populations. Although neurotoxic insecticides are the gold standard for insect control, they negatively impact the environment and reduce populations of insect pollinator species. Here we present a promising, environment-friendly alternative to current insecticides that targets the insect tyrosine metabolism pathway. A bloodmeal contains high levels of tyrosine, which is toxic to haematophagous insects if it is not degraded and eliminated. RNA interference (RNAi) of either the first two enzymes in the tyrosine degradation pathway (tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)) was lethal to tsetse. Furthermore, nitisinone (NTBC), an FDA-approved tyrosine catabolism inhibitor, killed tsetse regardless if the drug was orally or topically applied. However, oral administration of NTBC to bumblebees did not affect their survival. Using a novel mathematical model, we show that NTBC could reduce the transmission of African trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa, thus accelerating current disease elimination programmes.

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Manipulation experiments metagenomes

Project description:Manipulation experiments metagenomes

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Terahertz Exposure Enhances Neuronal Synaptic Transmission and Oligodendrocyte Differentiation in vitro

Project description:Terahertz (THz) frequency occupies a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is between the infrared and microwave region. Recent advances in THz application have stimulated interests regarding the biological effects associated with this frequency range. In current study, we report that irradiation with a single-frequency THz laser on primary mice cortical neuron cultures and oligodendrocyte cultures results in dose dependent irradiation specific changes in cellular function and gene expression. In neuron cultures, THz irradiation increases excitatory synaptic transmission and neuronal firing activities. Microarray assay reveals neuronal gene expression dynamics after THz exposure, which are highly consistent with morphology and electrophysiology results. Besides, certain schedule of THz irradiation inhibits the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and promotes OPC differentiation. Notably, the myelination process in neuron-oligodendrocyte cocultures is enhanced after THz exposure. In summary, our observations suggest that THz irradiation in certain frequency can modulate the functions of neuron and oligodendrocyte, with different sensitivity to THz between neuronal cell types. These results may provide important understanding of the mechanisms that govern THz interactions with nervous systems and suggest THz wave as a new strategy for neuromodulation.

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ROF1 induction experiments [Agilent]

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Ex vivo P. falciparum from High vs Low transmission areas in east Africa

Project description:The aim of this study was to compare the transcriptomes of Plasmodium falciparum parasites sourced from high vs. low malaria transmission settings in east Africa in order to test the hypothesis that malaria parasites are locally adapted to their environment. In three separate experiments, parasites from ‘High’ vs. ‘Low’ transmission populations were taken from non-immune children and measured for gene expression levels by microarray against a reference genome. Two of these population comparisons were geographic in nature while the third was temporal, i.e., before and after a marked decline in malaria. This study is described in Rono MK, Nyonda MA, Simam JJ, Ngoi, JM et al. Nat Ecol Evol. PMID: .

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Transmission

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Project description:Prevalence of Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Norway, 2018 to 2020

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