Project description:Acididesulfobacillus acetoxydans is an acidophilic sulfate reducer that can dissimilatory reduce nitrate to ammonia (DNRA). However, no known nitrite reductase is encoded. This study was performed to investigate how A. acetoxydans reduces nitrate to nitrite and elucidated a novel DNRA mechanism and potential nitrosative stress resistance mechanisms in acidophiles.
Project description:Amino acid homeostasis is critical for many cellular processes. It is well established that amino acids are compartmentalized using pH gradients generated between organelles and the cytoplasm; however, the dynamics of this partitioning has not been explored. We have developed a highly sensitive pH reporter, and we find that the major amino acid storage compartment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the lysosome-like vacuole, alkalinizes prior to cell division and re-acidifies as cells divide. The vacuolar pH dynamics require the uptake of extracellular amino acids and activity of TORC1, the v-ATPase and the cycling of the vacuolar specific lipid, PI3,5P2 which is regulated by the cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK5/Pho85. Vacuolar pH regulation enables amino acid sequestration and mobilization from the organelle, which is important for mitochondrial function, ribosome homeostasis and cell size control. Collectively, our data provide a new paradigm for the use of dynamic pH-dependent amino acid compartmentalization during cell growth/division.
Project description:In this study, AC2P20 was prioritized for continued study to test the hypothesis that it was targeting Mtb pathways associated with pH-driven adaptation. RNAseq transcriptional profiling studies showed AC2P20 modulates expression of genes associated with redox-homeostasis. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that the AC2P20 transcriptional profile had significant overlap with a previously characterized pH-selective inhibitor, AC2P36. Like AC2P36, we show that AC2P20 kills Mtb by selectively depleting free thiols at acidic pH. Mass spectrometry studies show the formation of a disulfide bond between AC2P20 and reduced glutathione, supporting a mechanism where AC2P20 is able to deplete intracellular thiols and dysregulate redox homeostasis.
Project description:We aim to compare the genomic discrepancies across de novo Ph+ ALL, Ph+ MPAL and Ph+ AML, three diseases characterized by the occurrence of BCR-ABL1 transcripts but showing varied immunophenotypes. The data we are now submitting is the genomic copy number variants of these three groups. The following is the abstract with associated manuscript. The chromosome abnormality of Philadelphia (Ph) is typically seen in de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It has also been identified in mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the revisions to World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and actue leukemia. The discrepancies between these patients and potential mechanisms underlying differentiation fate of the leukemia cells remain poorly defined. We evaluated the clinical, genomic and transcriptomic features of Ph+ ALL, Ph+ MPAL and Ph+ AML by taking advantage of high-density genomic analysis, including next-generation sequencing array comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression profiling for transcriptomic analysis. Our results showed that the three cohorts demonstrated diversified clinical features. Ph+ ALL had the best response to induction therapy, with a complete remission (CR) rate of 93.5 and molecular response of 43.5%. Ph+ MPAL had a 90.0% CR rate but only 5.9% of molecular response. The CR rate of Ph+ AML was only 68.8%. Ph+ ALL was characterized by loss and mutations of B-cell development gene IKZF1 and PAX5, and frequent histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase SETD2 mutations. SETD2 mutations were detected in 11.3% of Ph+ ALL patients and predicted higher relapse rate. Ph+ MPAL and Ph+ AML featured high frequency of RUNX1 mutations. Further studies showed RUNX1-R177X mutation inhibited 32D cell differentiation induced by G-Csf, and cooperated with BCR-ABL1 to lead to myeloid differentiation arrest of human cord blood CD34+ cells. It is therefore presumed that these additional mutations work in synergy with BCR-ABL1 fusion gene to facilitate the development of Ph-positive acute leukemia in different immunophenotypic classifications.
Project description:We sought to determine how a cystic fibrosis isolate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia responds to relevant pH gradients (pH 5, 7, and 9) by growing the bacterium in phosphate buffered media and conducting RNAseq experiments. Our data suggests acidic conditions are stressful for strain FLR19, as it responded by increasing expression of stress-response and antibiotic-resistance genes.
Project description:To examine the role of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aspartyl protease, CgYps1, in the regulation of pH homeostasis in Candida glabrata, transcriptional profiling analysis was carried out on wild-type and Cgyps1∆ cells grown in YNB medium (pH 5.5) and in YNB medium adjusted to pH 2.0. Genes involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, protein folding and stress response pathways were found to be differentially regulated in response to acidic environment in both the strains. To examine the role of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aspartyl protease, CgYps1, in the regulation of pH homeostasis in Candida glabrata, transcriptional profiling analysis was carried out on wild-type and Cgyps1∆ delta cells grown in YNB medium (pH 5.5) and in YNB medium adjusted to pH2.0. Genes involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, protein folding and stress response pathways were found to be differentially regulated in response to acidic environment in both the strains