Project description:Diosmetin inhibits cells growth and proliferation by regulating cell cycle and lipid metabolism pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Project description:Our RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the JIB-04 treatment altered the expression of genes that are involved in the cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, and apoptosis, and are also related to several cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma. JIB-04 also altered the expression of genes involved in various signaling pathways such as the FoxO signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which is crucial for the proliferation and maintenance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Project description:Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans and is also a benign member of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota. Morphological transitions and metabolic regulation are critical for C. albicans to adapt to the changing host environment. We generated a library of central metabolic pathway mutants in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and investigated the functional consequences of these gene deletions on C. albicans biology. Inactivation of the TCA cycle impairs the ability of C. ablicans to utilize non-fermentable carbon sources and dramatically attenuates cell growth rates under several culture conditions. Through integrations with the Ras1-cAMP signaling pathway and the heat shock factor-type transcription regulator Sfl2, we found that the TCA cycle plays fundamental roles in the regulation of CO2 sensing and filamentation. The TCA cycle and cAMP signaling pathways form a regulatory feedback loop, in which ATP and CO2 may function as molecular linkers. We further demonstrate that inactivation of the TCA cycle leads to lowered intracellular ATP and cAMP levels and thus affects the activation of the Ras1-regulated cAMP signaling pathway. In turn, the Ras1-cAMP signaling pathway controls the TCA cycle through both Efg1- and Sfl2-mediated transcriptional regulation in response to elevated CO2 levels. The protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit Tpk1, but not Tpk2, may play a major role in this regulation. Sfl2 specifically binds to several TCA cycle and filamentation-associated genes under high CO2 conditions. Global transcriptional profiling experiments indicate that Sfl2 is indeed required for the gene expression changes occurring in response to these elevated CO2 levels. Finally, we also demonstrate that several key genes of the TCA cycle are essential for virulence and successful colonization of the GI tract in two mouse infection models.
Project description:Exposure to hypoxia disrupts energy metabolism and induces inflammation. However, the pathways and mechanisms underlying energy metabolism disorders caused by hypoxic conditions remain unclear. In this study, we constructed a hypoxic animal model and applied transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolomics techniques to further investigate the pathways and mechanisms of hypoxia exposure that disrupt energy metabolism. Transcriptome results showed that 3007 genes were significantly differentially expressed under hypoxic exposure, and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation analysis and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in energy metabolism and were significantly enriched in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Differential genes in the TCA cycle (IDH3A, SUCLA2, and MDH2) and OXPHOS pathway (NDUFA3, NDUFS7, UQCRC1, CYC1, and UQCRFS1) were validated using mRNA and protein expression, and the results showed downregulation. The results of non-targeted metabolomics showed that 365 significant differential metabolites were identified under plateau hypoxia stress. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic processes, such as energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Hypoxia exposure disrupted the TCA cycle and reduced the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides by decreasing the concentrations of cis-aconitate, α-ketoglutarate, NADH, NADPH, most amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify inflammatory genes related to hypoxia exposure, and some inflammatory genes were selected for verification. We found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL1B, IL12B, S100A8, and S100A9 in kidney tissues were upregulated under hypoxic exposure. Our results suggest that hypoxia exposure inhibits the TCA cycle and OXPHOS signalling pathway by inhibiting IDH3A, SUCLA2, MDH2, NDUFFA3, NDUFS7, UQCRC1, CYC1, and UQCRFS1, thereby suppressing energy metabolism, inducing amino acid and nucleotide deficiency, and promoting inflammation, ultimately leading to kidney damage.
Project description:Glutamine is a key nutrient for tumor cells that supports nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, replenishes the TCA cycle intermediates and contributes to redox metabolism. We identified oncogenic KRAS as a critical regulator of the response to glutamine deprivation in NSCLC. Full activation of the ATF4 stress response pathway is dependent on expression of NRF2 downstream of oncogenic KRAS in NSCLC. Through this mechanism, KRAS alters amino acid uptake and metabolism and sustains mTORC1 signaling during nutrient stress. Furthermore, we identified regulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) as a key effect of oncogenic KRAS signaling via ATF4 during glutamine deprivation, and a potential therapeutic target in KRAS mutant NSCLC.
Project description:Glutamine is a key nutrient for tumor cells that supports nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, replenishes the TCA cycle intermediates and contributes to redox metabolism. We identified oncogenic KRAS as a critical regulator of the response to glutamine deprivation in NSCLC. Full activation of the ATF4 stress response pathway is dependent on expression of NRF2 downstream of oncogenic KRAS in NSCLC. Through this mechanism, KRAS alters amino acid uptake and metabolism and sustains mTORC1 signaling during nutrient stress. Furthermore, we identified regulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) as a key effect of oncogenic KRAS signaling via ATF4 during glutamine deprivation, and a potential therapeutic target in KRAS mutant NSCLC.
Project description:Glutamine is a key nutrient for tumor cells that supports nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, replenishes the TCA cycle intermediates and contributes to redox metabolism. We identified oncogenic KRAS as a critical regulator of the response to glutamine deprivation in NSCLC. Full activation of the ATF4 stress response pathway is dependent on expression of NRF2 downstream of oncogenic KRAS in NSCLC. Through this mechanism, KRAS alters amino acid uptake and metabolism and sustains mTORC1 signaling during nutrient stress. Furthermore, we identified regulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) as a key effect of oncogenic KRAS signaling via ATF4 during glutamine deprivation, and a potential therapeutic target in KRAS mutant NSCLC.