METTL3 Confers Oxaliplatin Resistance Through the Activation of G6PD-enhanced Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1010115 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Oxaliplatin-based therapeutics is a widely used treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients; however, drug resistance poses a significant clinical challenge. Epigenetic modifications have been implicated in the development of drug resistance. In our study, employing siRNA library screening, we identified that silencing the m6A writer METTL3 significantly enhanced the sensitivity to oxaliplatin in both in vivo and in vitro HCC models. Further investigations through combined RNA-seq and non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that silencing METTL3 impeded the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), leading to a reduction in NADPH and nucleotide precursors. This disruption induced DNA damage, decreased DNA synthesis, and ultimately resulted in cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, METTL3 was found to modify E3 ligase TRIM21 near the 3'UTR with N6-methyladenosine, leading to reduced RNA stability upon recognition by YTHDF2. TRIM21, in turn, facilitated the degradation of the rate-limiting enzyme of PPP, G6PD, through the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway. Importantly, high expression of METTL3 was significantly associated with adverse prognosis and oxaliplatin resistance in HCC patients. Notably, treatment with the specific METTL3 inhibitor, STM2457, significantly improved the efficacy of oxaliplatin. These findings underscore the critical role of the METTL3/TRIM21/G6PD axis in driving oxaliplatin resistance and present a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance in HCC.
2024-08-23 | GSE241802 | GEO
Project description:Cancer cells heavily rely on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to counteract oxidative stress and facilitate reductive biosynthesis. One crucial route for NADPH production operates through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, with a pivotal step at glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This study delves into the repercussions of G6PD ablation on the development of lung tumors driven by the KRAS oncogene and deficient in LKB1 (KL). The research involved comparing the growth of KL lung tumors with or without G6PD, revealing a significant inhibition of KL lung tumor growth upon G6PD loss. Subsequently, RNA-seq analysis was employed to identify the alterations in gene expression following G6PD deletion, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms.
2024-01-23 | GSE253613 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundDrug resistance is one of the major concerns in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to determine whether aberrant high expression of the inhibitor of differentiation 1(ID1) confers oxaliplatin-resistance to HCC by activating the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP).MethodsAberrant high expression of ID1 was detected in two oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines MHCC97H-OXA(97H-OXA) and Hep3B-OXA(3B-OXA). The lentiviral shRNA or control shRNA was introduced into the two oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines. The effects of ID1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and chemoresistance were evaluated in vitro and vivo. The molecular signaling mechanism underlying the induction of HCC proliferation and oxaliplatin resistance by ID1 was explored. The prognostic value of ID1/G6PD signaling in HCC patients was assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.ResultsID1 was upregulated in oxaliplaitin-resistant HCC cells and promoted HCC cell proliferation and oxaliplatin resistance. Silencing ID1 expression in oxaliplaitin-resistant HCC cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and sensitized oxaliplaitin-resistant cells to death. ID1 knockdown significantly decreased the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a key enzyme of the PPP. Silencing ID1 expression blocked the activation of G6PD, decreased the production of PPP NADPH, and augmented reactive oxygen and species (ROS), thus inducing cell apoptosis. Study of the molecular mechanism showed that ID1 induced G6PD promoter transcription and activated PPP through Wnt/β-catenin/c-MYC signaling. In addition, ID1/G6PD signaling predicted unfavorable prognosis of HCC patients on the basis of TCGA.ConclusionsOur study provided the first evidence that ID1 conferred oxaliplatin resistance in HCC by activating the PPP. This newly defined pathway may have important implications in the research and development of new more effective anti-cancer drugs.
| S-EPMC5701377 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The spread of cancer to bone is invariably fatal, with complex crosstalk between tumour cells and the bone microenvironment responsible for driving disease progression. By combining in silico analysis of patient datasets with metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer cells cultured with bone cells, we demonstrate the changing energy requirements of prostate cancer cells in the bone microenvironment, identifying the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as elevated in prostate cancer bone metastasis, with increased expression of the PPP rate-limiting enzyme (G6PD) associated with a reduction in progression-free survival. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation demonstrates that G6PD inhibition reduces prostate cancer growth and migration, associated with changes in cellular redox state and increased chemosensitivity. Genetic blockade of G6PD in vivo results in reduction of tumour growth within bone. In summary, we demonstrate the metabolic plasticity of prostate cancer cells in the bone microenvironment, identifying the PPP and G6PD as metabolic targets for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.
2022-02-25 | GSE190928 | GEO
Project description:Glucose is catabolized by two fundamental pathways, glycolysis to make ATP and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to make reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The first step of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Here we develop metabolite reporter and deuterium tracer assays to monitor cellular G6PD activity. Using these, we show that the most widely cited G6PD antagonist, dehydroepiandosterone, does not robustly inhibit G6PD in cells. We then identify a small molecule (G6PDi-1) that more effectively inhibits G6PD. Across a range of cultured cells, G6PDi-1 depletes NADPH most strongly in lymphocytes. In T cells but not macrophages, G6PDi-1 markedly decreases inflammatory cytokine production. In neutrophils, it suppresses respiratory burst. Thus, we provide a cell-active small molecule tool for oxidative pentose phosphate pathway inhibition, and use it to identify G6PD as a pharmacological target for modulating immune response.
| S-EPMC7311271 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays a critical role in macromolecule biosynthesis and maintaining cellular redox homoeostasis in rapidly proliferating cells. Upregulation of the PPP has been shown in several types of cancer. However, how the PPP is regulated to confer a selective growth advantage on cancer cells is not well understood. Here we show that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP, is dynamically modified with an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine sugar in response to hypoxia. Glycosylation activates G6PD activity and increases glucose flux through the PPP, thereby providing precursors for nucleotide and lipid biosynthesis, and reducing equivalents for antioxidant defense. Blocking glycosylation of G6PD reduces cancer cell proliferation in vitro and impairs tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, G6PD glycosylation is increased in human lung cancers. Our findings reveal a mechanistic understanding of how O-glycosylation directly regulates the PPP to confer a selective growth advantage to tumours.
| S-EPMC4598839 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Site-specifically acetylated G6PD expressed in bacteria or cultured mammalian cells by genetically encoding the incorporation of acetylated lysine. Purified G6PD (expressed in E. coli) or immunopurified G6PD (expressed in HEK293T cells) were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis.
2023-10-24 | PXD044906 | Pride
Project description:To identify acetylation-dependent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of G6PD, site-specifically acetylated and Flag-tagged G6PD was expressed in HEK293T cells by genetically encoding the incorporation of acetylated lysine in response to an in-frame TAG stop codon. K403-acetylated G6PD (sample) and K414-acetylated G6PD (control) were co-expressed with WT Fyn kinase and a catalytically inactive mutant of Fyn (FynDN). G6PD was immunoprecipitated using anti-Flag beads before MS analysis.
2023-10-24 | PXD041775 | Pride
Project description:Our findings establish NIK as a pivotal regulator of T cell metabolism in anti-tumor immunity and highlight a posttranslational mechanism of metabolic regulation involving the G6PD-NADPH redox system. CoIP assays revealed a strong physical interaction between NIK and G6PD in both T cells and transiently transfected 293 cells, suggesting G6PD to be a direct target of NIK. Using a phosphoprotein gel analysis approach, we demonstrated that NIK expression stimulated G6PD phosphorylation. To further study the mechanism, we performed mass spectrometry identify phosphorylation sites of G6PD stimulated by NIK
2020-10-05 | PXD020943 | Pride
Project description:Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancers crucial for fulfilling the needs of energy, building blocks, and antioxidants to support tumor cells' rapid proliferation and to cope with the harsh microenvironment. Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 (PBX3) is a member of the PBX family whose expression is up-regulated in various tumors, however, whether it is involved in tumor cell metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. Herein, we report that PBX3 is a positive regulator of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). PBX3 promoted G6PD transcriptional activity in tumor cells by binding directly to its promoter, leading to PPP stimulation and enhancing the production of nucleotides and NADPH, a crucial reductant, thereby promoting nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis while decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. The PBX3/G6PD axis also promoted tumorigenic potential in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel function of PBX3 as a regulator of G6PD, linking its oncogenic activity with tumor cell metabolic reprogramming, especially PPP. Furthermore, our results suggested that PBX3 is a potential target for metabolic-based anti-tumor therapeutic strategies.
| S-EPMC10535713 | biostudies-literature